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Department of Neurology

 

Milestone 6: Cerebrovascular Disorders — Patient Care

 

Specifics about each Level and each Item:  What you do you need to know:


Level 1

Recognizes when a patient may have a Cerebrovascular disorder

Clinical presentations of acute cerebrovascular events

cerebral infarction
transient ischemic attack
intracerebral hemorrhage
subarachnoid hemorrhage

Distinguishes the common Stroke mimics

hypoglycemia
seizure with post-ictal Todd’s paralysis
migraine with aura
psychogenic conversion disorder


Level 2

• Describes stroke syndromes and etiologic subtypes

Stroke syndromes

Middle cerebral artery occlusion: anterior division, posterior division
Carotid artery embolism
Top of the Basilar syndrome
Lacunar syndromes- pure motor hemiparesis, pure sensory syndrome, ataxic hemiparesis
Basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage

Etiologic subtypes

TOAST Ischemic stroke subtypes- Large artery atherosclerosis, small vessel / lacunar disease, cardioembolism
Cervicocephalic dissection
Hypertensive-type intracerebral hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage with amyloid angiopathy

• Identifies Cerebrovascular emergencies

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage with cerebral edema, brain compression
Symptomatic carotid artery stenosis
Cerebellar infarction

• Lists indications and contraindications for intravenous thrombolytic therapy

Criteria for IVtPA within 3 hours of stroke symptom onset
Criteria for expanded window IVtPA, 3-4.5 hours from stroke symptom onset


Level 3

• Identifies specific mechanism of patient’s Cerebrovascular disorder

Requests and interprets vascular imaging - MRA, CTA, carotid duplex ultrasound
Requests and interprets cardiac evaluations- TTE, TEE, telemetry, prolonged cardiac monitoring

• Appropriately refers for interventional or surgical evaluation

Symptomatic severe carotid atherostenosis
Saccular intracranial aneurysm
Major ischemic stroke within 8 hours of stroke symptom onset for evaluation of potential endovascular revascularization therapy

• Manages common Cerebrovascular disorders including appropriate use of thrombolytics

Employs best practices for stroke (Get with the Guidelines / Joint Commission/ Meaningful Use criteria)

Antithrombotic therapy on admission and discharge for ischemic stroke or TIA
Statin therapy for hyperlipidemia after ischemic stroke or TIA
DVT prophylaxis on admission
Anticoagulation for stroke prevention with atrial fibrillation, when appropriate
Assessment for Rehabilitation needs after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
Stroke education after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

Understands post-thrombolytic protocol and manages blood pressure per protocol


Level 4

• Diagnoses uncommon Cerebrovascular disorders

Reversible constrictive vasculopathy syndrome
Cerebral venous thrombosis
Antiphospholipid syndrome


Level 5

• Manages uncommon Cerebrovascular disorders

Septic embolism
Cerebral vasculitis
Mitochondrial encephalopathy

• Engages in scholarly activity in Cerebrovascular disorders

Conducts and presents an original, collaborative research project at a local, regional, or national meeting
Develops educational curriculum and presents to staff


Resources for each Level:

Level 2 Resources:

• Inpatient rotation- Junior on Stroke Service work and teaching rounds
• Lecture Series- Emergency Summer Series, Vascular Neurology Lecture Series
• Conferences- Stroke & Neurocritical Care Conference, CPC, M&M
• AHA/ASA Guideline Statements- Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke, Secondary Prevention of Stroke after TIA/ Ischemic Stroke, Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
• Stroke Syndromes, L. Caplan (ed)


Level 3 Resources:

• Inpatient rotation- Assistant Senior on Stroke Service work and teaching rounds
• Subspecialty outpatient rotation- Stroke Prevention Clinic
• Lecture Series- Vascular Neurology Lecture Series
• Conferences- Stroke & Neurocritical Care Conference, CPC, M&M
• Self-directed literature search, UpToDate
• Stroke, H. Barnett et al (eds)


Level 4 Resources:

• Inpatient rotation- Senior resident on Stroke Service work and teaching rounds
• Subspecialty outpatient elective- Stroke Prevention Clinic
• Lecture Series- Vascular Neurology Lecture Series
• Conferences- Stroke & Neurocritical Care Conference
• Presenter at CPC, M&M
• Self-directed literature search, UpToDate