CHIEF THUNDERWATER (10 September 1865-10 June 1950), whose birth name was Oghema Niagara, was a NATIVE AMERICAN entertainer, businessman, and political activist who worked to protect the rights and cultures of Indigenous peoples, im
Category: Reform
CHILD CARE. Cleveland’s children in need have been cared for by both the private and the public sectors.
CHILD GUIDANCE CENTER OF GREATER CLEVELAND. See GUIDANCE CENTERS.
CHILDREN AND YOUTH. Attitudes toward children and youth in Cleveland and the Western Reserve have varied over time, affected by local factors and national trends. One motif has been the change from viewing children as miniature adults with few rights to seeing them as autonomous individuals with unique needs. Class, gender, and ethnicity have always helped determine the characters of particular maturation experiences.
The CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETY,established in 1857 and incorporated on 22 Sept. 1865, was the second children's aid society in the U.S.
CHILDREN'S FRESH AIR CAMP & HOSPITAL. See HEALTH HILL HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN.
The CHRIST CHILD SOCIETY, Cleveland Chapter, founded in 1916 as the fifth chapter in the U.S., is a Roman Catholic organization of lay volunteers serving "the needy, the unborn, the young and the elderly regardless of nationality or creed." Mary Virginia Merrick founded the first Christ Child Society in Washington, DC, in 1887 (inc. 1903), out of concern for poor children.
The CITIZENS LEAGUE OF GREATER CLEVELAND, successor to the Municipal Assn. and the Civic League, is a prominent civic organization noted for its evaluation of candidates and issues and for promoting good government. The nonpartisan Municipal Assn.
The CITY CLUB OF CLEVELAND, often referred to as "Cleveland's Citadel of Free Speech," provides a central meeting place for members of diverse beliefs and opinions to participate in free and open discussions on the social, political, and economic problems of the city, the state, the nation, and the world. The idea of a city club for Cleveland was formulated at an organizational luncheon on 14 June 1912.
CITY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. See CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETY.
The CITY MANAGER PLAN and PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION ELECTIONS for city council members were key features of the City Charter approved by Cleveland voters in 1921.
The CITY MISSION, like 255 similar missions throughout the country, has provided food, lodging, and spiritual guidance to Cleveland's homeless and needy since its establishment in Oct. 1910, when clergy and businessmen led by city welfare director Fred Ramsey invited missionary Mel Trotter to Cleveland.
CLEAN-LAND, OHIO, formed in 1977 as the Rapid Recovery Program, is a nonprofit beautification program for the city of Cleveland, twice honored by Keep America Beautiful, Inc. Initiated by a coalition of corporations and private citizens, Rapid Recovery organized to enhance 32.6 mi. along the rapid-transit right-of-way. By 1984 volunteers had completed more than 107 projects costing about $2 million along this corridor.
CLEMENT, KENNETH W. (24 Feb. 1920-29 Nov. 1974), a physician and civic leader, born in Vashti, Pittsylvania County, Va., to Harry Leonard and Inez Mae Clement, was a leading advisor in the election of Cleveland's first black mayor, CARL B.
The CLEVELAND AMERICAN INDIAN CENTER, founded in 1969 by Russell Means, a Sioux, helped Cleveland's Native Americans adapt to urban life during the 1970s and 1980s. Cleveland, offering good employment opportunities, became one of 8 relocation centers with passage of the Employment Assistance Program.
The CLEVELAND AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT (AIM) was founded by RUSSELL MEANS, a Lakota Sioux activist and Objiwa activist Dennis Banks in 1970. Banks had helped found the original AIM in Minneapolis two years earlier and later met Means in 1969.
The CLEVELAND ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY, organized in 1833, aimed "to procure the speedy abolition of" slavery, according to its constitution.
CLEVELAND ASSOCIATED CHARITIES. See CENTER FOR HUMAN SERVICES and ASSOCIATED CHARITIES.
The CLEVELAND BAPTIST MISSION SOCIETY was formed to evangelize the poor and unchurched in Cleveland in 1869. Begun as the Cleveland Baptist Union, it established missions that later became full-fledged churches and set up Sunday schools to promote religious principles. In 1920 the society merged with the CLEVELAND BAPTIST ASSN.
The CLEVELAND BEAUTIFUL COMMITTEE (CBC) was founded in 1971 by Samuel Abrams to focus attention on the beautification of downtown Cleveland. The Cleveland Beautiful Committee instituted an annual awards program to recognize businesses, hospitals, hotels, and inner city residences for their landscaping efforts. This program lasted into the late 1980s.
The CLEVELAND BOYS' SCHOOL IN HUDSON, (the Hudson Boys' School), founded in 1903 as a school for orphaned and incorrigible boys, was located in a rural setting—one of the first of its kind in the country. In 1902, the Reverend HARRIS R. COOLEY, director of charities in the administration of Mayor TOM L.
The CLEVELAND CITY TEMPERANCE SOCIETY was organized on 15 March 1836 at the OLD STONE CHURCH. Five gentlemen reformers met and pledged to form a society based upon the principles of total abstinence. According to the 16 March 1836 edition of the CLEVELAND WHIG, the meeting appointed a committee ". . .
The CLEVELAND COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION, organized in 1952 and reorganized in 1954 and 1956, was the driving force behind the creation of CUYAHOGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE (CCC) and has coordinated HIGHER EDUCATION communitywide.
The CLEVELAND COUNCIL ON WORLD AFFAIRS is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization with a membership of about 1,000 in 1995 that seeks to educate the public in foreign affairs. The council's origin dates from 11 Nov.
The CLEVELAND DAY NURSERY AND FREE KINDERGARTEN ASSN., INC., in 1894 promoted child-development programs that were eventually incorporated into the CLEVELAND PUBLIC SCHOOLS.