Category: Reform

The CLEVELAND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION was established in 1954 by local business leaders to assist urban-renewal and slum clearance efforts. It provided financial and planning assistance for a number of project in the 1950s and 1960s. Inspired by the work of Pittsburgh's Allegheny Conference on Community Development, John C. Virden of the Federal Reserve Bank, Elmer Lindseth of CEI, and Thomas F.

The CLEVELAND FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM, inc. 3 Apr. 1837, was apparently a short-lived attempt to help orphaned young girls. It was established by a group of about 13 women from Trinity Church, including Laura Willey, Martha Kendall, and Sophia K. Ford, but its method of operation and length of existence are unclear.

The CLEVELAND FOUNDATION, the oldest and third largest community foundation in America, was established on January 2, 1914 by FREDERICK H. GOFF. Goff was concerned about wills and trust funds with no provision for changing circumstances.

The CLEVELAND HUMANE SOCIETY came into existence in 1873 as the Cleveland Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA). Its formation was due to the work of City Councilman ORLANDO J. HODGE, who in 1871 had succeeded in having the council pass an ordinance prohibiting abuse of animals. JABEZ W.

The CLEVELAND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL (also called the Industrial School and Home) was established on 5 Jan. 1857 as the City Industrial School. The CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETY organized later the same year as its fundraising arm.

The CLEVELAND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM (CIP) for Youth Leaders and Social Workers, Inc., founded in 1956, is a private voluntary organization that seeks to build international understanding by international annual professional exchanges in social work, community planning, special education, and other human services.

The CLEVELAND JOB CORPS, founded in 1965, was one of over 100 job-training programs created by the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964; it produced the first program graduates in the country. In two decades, the Cleveland Job Corps trained over 12,000, mostly African American women from out of state.

The CLEVELAND LADIES TEMPERANCE UNION was organized on 27 June 1850 by a group of prominent Cleveland women. The first directors included Mrs. Wm. Smith, Mrs. J. A. Harris, and Mrs. J. Gillett; Mrs. C. D. Brayton served as treasurer, and Miss M. A. Brayton and Miss B. M. Williams were the correspondence and recording secretaries, respectively.

CLEVELAND: NOW! was a joint public and private funding program for the revitalization of Cleveland which was announced by Mayor Carl B. Stokes 1 May 1968. Local businessmen, shocked by the April assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., agreed to cooperate with the city in a fundraising program to combat the ills of Cleveland's inner city in order to preserve racial peace.

The CLEVELAND PRO-CHOICE ACTION COMMITTEE (1978-1984) was grassroots activist organization that supported the larger agenda of reproductive rights, including support for safe, legal and funded abortion, opposition to coercive sterilization, opposition to the Hyde Amendment, and defense of health clinics from anti-abortion demonstrators.

CLEVELAND PROTESTANT ORPHANAGE. See BEECH BROOK, INC.

CLEVELAND SETTLEMENT UNION. See SETTLEMENT HOUSES.

The CLEVELAND SIGHT CENTER OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE BLIND, formerly the Cleveland Society for the Blind, was founded in 1906 and has provided special services that enable people to cope with vision loss and/or total blindness. A pioneer in subcontracting with private industry and in community glaucoma programs, it has served as a model for agencies in other cities.

CLEVELAND SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN. See ACHIEVEMENT CENTER FOR CHILDREN.

CLEVELAND SOCIETY FOR THE BLIND. See CLEVELAND SIGHT CENTER OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE BLIND.

The CLEVELAND TENANTS ORGANIZATION (CTO) was founded in 1975 to serve as an information and advocacy agency, to publicize the benefits of the Ohio Landlord Tenant Act of 1974, and to encourage renters to utilize its provisions so that unacceptable living conditions would be promptly addressed and remedied.

CLEVELAND TODAY, see NEW CLEVELAND CAMPAIGN.

CLEVELAND WELFARE RIGHTS MOVEMENT. See STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY.

The CLEVELAND WORKHOUSE at Cooley Farms was recognized throughout the U.S. as one of the finest and most progressive penal institutions of its kind. It became a model for similar institutions around the world. The city's first workhouse was established in 1855 on Scranton Rd. with the city infirmary. In 1871 it moved to a new building on Woodland Ave. at E. 79th St., where it remained until 1912. Dr.

CLEVELAND WORKS INC., located at 812 Huron Rd., is a comprehensive training program to prepare welfare recipients for permanent employment. The organization began as Ohio Works, established in 1984 as a division of America Works, Inc., of Boston—a for-profit company with the goal of placing jobless poor in full-time jobs.

CLEVELAND: NOW! was a joint public and private funding program for the revitalization of Cleveland which was announced by Mayor Carl B. Stokes 1 May 1968. Local businessmen, shocked by the April assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., agreed to cooperate with the city in a fundraising program to combat the ills of Cleveland's inner city in order to preserve racial peace.

CMHA. See CUYAHOGA METROPOLITAN HOUSING AUTHORITY.

CODRINGTON CHARITABLE FOUNDATION. See GEORGE W. CODRINGTON CHARITABLE FOUNDATION.