Electrochemistry deals with the chemical actions of electricity, the study of the interchange of chemical and electrical energy and the relation of electricity to chemical changes. The focus of this section is on the electrochemistry of electrical stimulation devices for nerves and muscles.
In addition to the physical effects observed from passive implants, electrical stimulation devices contribute a new dimension to any detrimental effects on the surrounding tissues and to device degradation. Electrochemical reactions play a major role in these additional effects.
The mechanisms of deleterious effects on tissues from electrical stimulation are not well understood. Two possible candidates for these effects are over-activation and the formation of reaction products during stimulation.
Any useful device employing this technology has to perform its intended function over a reasonable lifetime. In general, one device is more useful than another, if it is more specific in its actions, avoids damage to the tissues, minimizes degradation of the stimulating electrode, and so have a longer lifetime.