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  4. Jerry Silver

Jerry Silver, PhD

Professor
Department of Neurosciences
School of Medicine

Dr. Silver received his PhD from Case Western Reserve University in 1974 and was the recipient of the Herbert S. Steuer Memorial Award for Meritorious Original Research in Anatomy. He did post-doctoral work at Harvard University in the Department of Neurosciences at The Children’s Hospital and in the Neuropathology Department at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Silver is currently Professor in the Department of Neurosciences at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and adjunct Professor in the Department of Neurosurgery at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

Dr. Silver is a recipient of several prestigious awards. In 2003, he was awarded the Ameritec Prize for significant accomplishments toward a cure for paralysis. This prize was established in 1987 specifically to recognize scientists whose research advances the search towards a cure for paralysis. In 2003 he was also honored with the Christopher Reeve-Joan Irvine Research Medal (The Reeve-Irvine Medal) for critical contributions that may lead to the promotion of repair of the damaged spinal cord. The prize acknowledges the most meritorious science; a proven body of work that has withstood the test of time and scrutiny; as well as other enriching contributions to the field. In 2004 Dr. Silver received a Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award for his long-standing grant entitled, “Factors affecting regeneration through the glial scar.” This is a highly prestigious award that recognizes a select group of NIH grantees who have made seminal contributions to their field of neuroscience, have contributed exemplary service to the NIH, and who show great promise for continuing their cutting edge research well into the future. Dr. Silver was named the recipient of the 2008 Erica Nader Award, which is given through the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA). The award honors “breakthrough research in the field of spinal cord injury”. In 2011, he was honored to become a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

Dr. Silver has served on a number of editorial boards including the journals Glia, The Journal of Neurocytology, Developmental Neurobiology, The Journal of Neuroscience and Experimental Neurology (where he is a Section Editor). He regularly reviews articles for over 35 high impact journals and he reviews grants for 18 national and international organizations. He has served on a variety of NIH study sections since 1982 including the Neurobiology Review Group, Neurology B2, The Visual Sciences C Study Section, and the Clinical Neurology, Neurotransmitters and Transplantation Study Section. He has been appointed as a regular member of the Scientific Advisory Council of the Christopher Reeve Foundation and of the Scientific Board of the International Spinal Research Trust (England). He has served as lead or senior author on more than 160 publications.

Research Information

Research Interests

The ultimate goal of the Silver lab is to understand the basic biology that underlies axonal dieback and regeneration failure in the adult spinal cord and then use this knowledge to develop strategies to maximally overcome the lack of regeneration after both incomplete and complete cord injury in order to promote functional repair. Although highly controversial from its inception, the Silver lab was one of the very first to suggest that overtly growth-repulsive environments, whose function was to actively turn axons away from improper trajectories during embryogenesis, might reappear in the injured CNS and block the attempt of severed axons to re-grow.

One of the most interesting families of inhibitory extracellular matrix molecules, the lectican family of sulfated proteoglycans and, in particular, the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), were first discovered by the Silver lab in the early 1990’s to be involved in creating such developmental as well as regenerative glial boundaries. But why did axons in the embryo turn away from CSPGs but in the adult after injury become entrapped within substrates occupied by proteoglycans? Nearly two decades after CSPGs had first been implicated in regeneration failure, the Silver lab was a major collaborator in the discovery of the first neuronal receptors for CSPGs that bind specifically to the sugar chains of proteoglycans and mediate the newly appreciated entrapment phenomenon. Indeed, two members of the pro-synaptic, LAR family of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases which up-regulate in growth cones when they encounter proteoglycan gradients are the major receptors on neurons that are involved with the overly adhesive properties of this family of ECM inhibitors.

The lab has now generated small peptides, administered simply by sub-cutaneous injection, that block these receptors on damaged neurons in the moderately contused spinal cord thereby releasing axons from proteoglycan mediated entrapment. Behavioral recovery in partially paralyzed models particularly after administration of the peptide that blocks the sigma (RPTPσ) member of this receptor family is especially impressive, presenting a potential new avenue of non-invasive treatment for paralysis. In addition, the lab has now demonstrated that systemic delivery of the peptide has strong efficacy in promoting regeneration and functional recovery in a wide variety of conditions such as following ischemic heart attack and peripheral nerve avulsion injury where proteoglycans within scar tissue block nerve regeneration.

There are many individuals who have complete, gaping lesions of the spinal cord with no function below the level of injury. Are there strategies that can help build a regeneration bridge across the gap? An especially exciting development is our recent demonstration that combining the classical use of segments of autologous peripheral nerves as “bridges” to bypass a hemisection lesion of the adult spinal cord combined with inhibitory matrix modification via chondroitinase or LAR blocking peptides at the PNS/CNS interfaces, allows regenerating axons to exit the bridge, form functional synapses, and restore useful movement to the once completely paralyzed forelimb as well as remarkably robust functional recovery to the hemidiaphragm. The lab is now showing for the first time that a novel modification of this strategy in a complete thoracic transection injury model and with the further addition of the trophic factor FGF can allow for an unprecedented amount of regeneration of certain brainstem neurons well past the graft site all the way to lumbo-sacral levels with restoration of near normal bladder control.

The labs research strategy shows clearly, for the first time, that long distance regeneration, with appropriate re-formation of functional connections, can be achieved in the adult after catastrophic spinal cord injury providing real hope that we are now entering an era where strategies for providing functional benefit in models of spinal cord injury are sufficiently robust that there should be optimism for translational success. Many other labs around the world are now showing with the use of a variety of proteoglycan or proteoglycan receptor modifying techniques, coupled with various other strategies for enhancing the intrinsic growth response of neurons, that such combinatorial strategies can foster a good measure of functional plasticity as well as frank regeneration in a wide variety of CNS injury models.

 

Awards and Honors

The Reeve-Irvine Medal - for critical contributions that may lead to the promotion of repair of the damaged spinal cord
2003
Reeve-Irvine Research Center
Ameritec Prize - for significant accomplishments toward a cure for paralysis
2003
Ameritec Foundation
Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award - for his long-standing grant entitled, “Factors affecting regeneration through the glial scar.”
2004
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, (NINDS)
Erica Nader Award - honoring “breakthrough research in the field of spinal cord injury”
2008
American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2011
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Publications

View All Publications

  1. Fucheng Luo, Jiapeng Wang, Zhen Zhang, Zhen You, Alicia Bedolla, FearGod Okwubido-Williams, L. Frank Huang, Jerry Silver, and Yu Luo. Inhibition of CSPG receptor PTPs promotes migration of newly born neuroblasts, axonal sprouting, and recovery from stroke. (Cell Reports, 2022. Volume 40, Issue 4)
  2. Tran AP, Silver J Systemically treating spinal cord injury. Perspective Neuroscience, Science 348:285-286, 2015.
  3. Vadivelu S, Stewart TJ, Qu Y, Horn K, Liu S, Li Q, Silver J, McDonald JW. NG2+ progenitors derived from ES cells penetrate glial scar and promote axonal outgrowth into white matter after spinal cord injury. Stem Cells Trans Med (accepted).
  4. Gardner RT, Wang L, Lang BT, Cregg J, Dunbar CL, Woodward WR, Silver J, Ripplinger CM, Habecker BA Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase σ after myocardial infarction restores cardiac sympathetic innervation and prevents arrhythmias (Nature Communications, doi:10.1038/ncomms7235 2015)
  5. Filous, AR, Evans TA, Lang BT, Stallcup WB, Kang SH, Bergles DE, Lee S, Levine JM, Silver J Entrapment via synaptic-like connection on NG2 proteoglycan+ progenitor cells plays a role in regeneration failure after spinal cord injury (J Neurosci 34: 16369-16384, 2014).
  6. Lang BT, Cregg JM, DePaul MA , Tran A, Madalena KM, Weng YL, Li, S, Busch SA, Shen, Y and Silver J Systemic modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. (Nature doi:10.1038, 13974, 2014)
  7. Silver DJ, Silver J Contributions of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans to neurodevelopment, injury and cancer. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 27:171-178, 2014
  8. Cregg JM , DePaul MA, Filous AR , Lang BT , Tran A , Silver J Functional regeneration beyond the glial scar (EXPN 253: 197-207. 2014)
  9. Silver DJ, Siebzehnrubl FA, Schildts MJ, Yachnis AT, Smith G, Smith AA, Scheffler B, Reynolds BA, Silver J, Steindler, DA Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans potently inhibit invasion and serve as a central organizer of the brain tumor microenvironment. (J Neurosci 33, 15603-15617 2013.
  10. Evans TA, Barkauskas DS, Myers J, Hare EG, You J, Huang AY and Silver J. High-resolution intravital imaging reveals that secondary axonal dieback in traumatic spinal cord injury is facilitated by blood derived macrophages but not microglia. (EXPN 254:109-120, 2014)
  11. Lee Y-S, Lin C-Y, Jiang HH, Depaul M, Lin VW, Silver J. Nerve regeneration restores supraspinal control of bladder function after complete spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 33:10591-10606, 2013
  12. Lin, C-Y, Lee, Y-S, Lin, V, and Silver, J Intraparenchymal Fibronectin administration inhibits chronic pain development after spinal cord injury (J Neurotrauma 29: 589-599 2012)
  13. Fisher, D, Xing, B, Dill, J, Longo, FM, Sheng, M, Silver, J, Li,S LAR is a functional receptor for CSPG axon growth inhibitors (J Neurosci 31:14051-14066, 2011)
  14. Alilain, WA, Horn, KP, Hu, H, Dick, TE, Silver, J. Functional regeneration of respiratory pathways after spinal cord injury. (Nature, 475: 196-200, 2011).
  15. Busch, SA, Hamilton, JA, Horn, KP, Cuascut, FX, Lehman, N, Deans, RJ, Ting, AE, Mays, RW, Silver, J (2011) Multipotent adult progenitor cells prevent macrophage mediated axonal dieback and promote regeneration after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2011 Jan 19; 31(3):826-41.
  16. Filous, AR, Miller, JH,, Coulson-Thomas, YM, Horn, KP,, Alilain, WJ, Silver, J. (2010) . Immature astrocytes promote CNS axonal regeneration when combined with chondroitinase ABC . Dev Neurobiol. 2010 Oct; 70(12):826-41.
  17. Silver, J (2010) Much Ado about Nogo. Neuron. 2010 Jun 10; 66(5):619-21.
  18. Busch, SA, Horn, KP. Causcut, FX, Hawthorne AL, Bai, L, Miller, RH, Silver, J (2010) Adult NG2+ Progenitor Cells are Permissive to Axon Growth and Stabilize Sensory Axons During Macrophage-Induced Axonal Dieback After Spinal Cord Injury Curr Bio. 2010 Jan 6; 20(1):592-596.
  19. Silver, J. (2009) CNS Regeneration: Only on One Condition Curr Bio. 2009 June 9; 19(11):592-596.
  20. Shen, Y, Tenney, AP, Busch, SA, Horn, KP, Cuascut, FX, Liu, K, He, Z ,Silver, J and Flanagan, JG, (2009) PTPsigma is a Receptor for Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan, an Inhibitor of Neural Regeneration Sciencexpress,/ Science. 2009 October 23; 326(5952):592-596.
  21. Busch, SA., Horn, KP., Silver, DJ., Silver, J. (2009) Overcoming macrophage mediated axonal dieback following CNS injury J Neurosci. 2009 Aug 12; 28(46):1151-09.
  22. Alilain, W., Li, Xiang , Horn, KP., B.R Dhingra, R, Dick, TE., Herlitze, S, and Silver J. (2008) Light Induced Rescue of Breathing After Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci. 12 Nov 2008; 28(46):11862-11870.
  23. Horn, KP., Busch, SA., Hawthorne, AL., van Rooijen, N., Silver, J. * Volume: 28 (2008) Another barrier to regeneration in the CNS: Activated macrophages induce extensive retraction of dystrophic axons through direct physical interactions. J Neurosci. 2008 Sep 17; (1):294-301.
  24. Fitch, M.T. and Silver, J (2008) CNS injury, glial scars and inflammation: Inhibitory extracellular matrices and regeneration failure. Exp Neurol. 2008 Feb; 28(1):294-301.
  25. Massey, J.M., Amps, J., Viapiano, M.S., Matthews, R.T., Wagoner, M.R., Whitaker, C., Alilain, W., Yonkof, A.L. Khalyfa, A., Cooper, N.G.F., Silver, J., and Onifer, S.M. (2008) Increased Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in denervated brainstem targets following spinal cord injury creates a barrier to axonal regeneration that is overcome by chondroitinase ABC and neurotrophin-3. Exp Neurol. 2008 Feb; 209(2):426-445.
  26. Busch, S.A. and Silver, J.,. (2007) The role of extracellular matrix in CNS regeneration. Curr Opin in Neurobiol. 2007 Feb; 17(1):120-127..
  27. Massey, J., Hubscher, C., Wagoner, M., Decker, J., Amps, J., Silver, J. and Onifer S. (2006) Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the perineuronal net promotes functional collateral sprouting in the cuneate nucleus after cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2006 Apr 19; 26(16):4406-14.
  28. Steinmetz, M.P., Horn, K.P., Tom, V.J., Miller, J.H., Busch, S.A., Nair, D., Silver, D.J. and Silver, J. (2005) Chronic enhancement of the intrinsic growth capacity of sensory neurons combined with the degradation of inhibitory proteoglycans allows functional regeneration of sensory axons through the dorsal root entry zone in the mammalian spinal cord. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 14;25(37):8066-8976.
  29. Grimpe B, Pressman Y, Lupa MD, Horn KP, Bunge MB, Silver J. (2005) The role of proteoglycans in Schwann cell/astrocyte interactions and in regeneration failure at PNS/CNS interfaces. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2005 Jan; 28(1):18-29.
  30. Tom VJ, Doller CM, Malouf AT, Silver J. (2004) Astrocyte-associated fibronectin is critical for axonal regeneration in adult white matter. J Neurosci. 2004 Oct 20; 24(42):9282-9290.
  31. Tom VJ, Steinmetz MP, Miller JH, Doller CM, Silver J. (2004) Studies on the development and behavior of the dystrophic growth cone, the hallmark of regeneration failure, in an in vitro model of the glial scar and after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 2004 Jul 21; 24(29):6531-6539.
  32. Grimpe B, Silver J. (2004) A novel DNA enzyme reduces glycosaminoglycan chains in the glial scar and allows microtransplanted dorsal root ganglia axons to regenerate beyond lesions in the spinal cord. J Neurosci. 2004 Feb 11; 24(6):1393-1397.
  33. Silver J, Miller JH. (2004) Regeneration beyond the glial scar. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Feb; 5(2):146-156.
  34. Butler CD, Schnetz SA, Yu EY, Davis JB, Temple K, Silver J, Malouf AT. (2004) Keratan sulfate proteoglycan phosphacan regulates mossy fiber outgrowth and regeneration. J Neurosci. 2004 Jan 14; 24(2):462-473.
  35. Hendricks TJ, Fyodorov DV, Wegman LJ, Lelutiu NB, Pehek EA, Yamamoto B, Silver J, Weeber EJ, Sweatt JD, Deneris ES. (2003) Pet-1 ETS gene plays a critical role in 5-HT neuron development and is required for normal anxiety-like and aggressive behavior. Neuron. 2003 Jan 23; 37(2):233-247.
  36. Grimpe B, Silver J. (2002) The extracellular matrix in axon regeneration. Prog Brain Res. 2002; 137:333-349.
  37. Grimpe B, Dong S, Doller C, Temple K, Malouf AT, Silver J. (2002) The critical role of basement membrane-independent laminin gamma 1 chain during axon regeneration in the CNS. J Neurosci. 2002 Apr 15; 22(8):3144-3160.
  38. Silver J. (2001) Robust regeneration in the adult optic system. Exp Neurol. 2001 Dec; 172(2):255-256.
  39. Fitch MT, Doller C, Combs CK, Landreth GE, Silver J. (1999) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial scarring and progressive cavitation: in vivo and in vitro analysis of inflammation-induced secondary injury after CNS trauma. J Neurosci. 1999 Oct 1; 19(19):8182-8198.
  40. Davies SJ, Goucher DR, Doller C, Silver J. (1999) Robust regeneration of adult sensory axons in degenerating white matter of the adult rat spinal cord. J Neurosci. 1999 Jul 15; 19(14):5810-5822.
  41. Xu K, Malouf AT, Messing A, Silver J. (1999) Glial fibrillary acidic protein is necessary for mature astrocytes to react to beta-amyloid. Glia. 1999 Feb 15; 25(4):390-403.
  42. DeWitt DA, Perry G, Cohen M, Doller C, Silver J. (1998) Astrocytes regulate microglial phagocytosis of senile plaque cores of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol. 1998 Feb; 149(2):329-340.
  43. Fitch MT, Silver J. (1997) Activated macrophages and the blood-brain barrier: inflammation after CNS injury leads to increases in putative inhibitory molecules. Exp Neurol. 1997 Dec; 148(2):587-603.
  44. Davies SJ, Fitch MT, Memberg SP, Hall AK, Raisman G, Silver J. (1997) Regeneration of adult axons in white matter tracts of the central nervous system. Nature. 1997 Dec 18-25; 390(6661):680-683.
  45. Fitch MT, Silver J. (1997) Glial cell extracellular matrix: boundaries for axon growth in development and regeneration. Cell Tissue Res. 1997 Nov; 290(2):379-384.
  46. DeWitt DA, Silver J. (1996) Regenerative failure: a potential mechanism for neuritic dystrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol. 1996 Nov; 142(1):103-110.
  47. Canning DR, Hoke A, Malemud CJ, Silver J. (1996) A potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth that predominates in the extracellular matrix of reactive astrocytes. Int J Dev Neurosci. 1996 Jun;14(3):153-175.
  48. Hoke A, Silver J. (1996) Proteoglycans and other repulsive molecules in glial boundaries during development and regeneration of the nervous system. Prog Brain Res. 1996; 108:149-163.
  49. McKeon RJ, Hoke A, Silver J. (1995) Injury-induced proteoglycans inhibit the potential for laminin-mediated axon growth on astrocytic scars. Exp Neurol. 1995 Nov; 136(1):32-43.
  50. Brittis PA, Lemmon V, Rutishauser U, Silver J. (1995) Unique changes of ganglion cell growth cone behavior following cell adhesion molecule perturbations: a time-lapse study of the living retina. Mol Cell Neurosci. 1995 Oct; 6(5):433-449.
  51. Brittis PA, Silver J. (1995) Multiple factors govern intraretinal axon guidance: a time-lapse study. Mol Cell Neurosci. 1995 Oct; 6(5):413-432.
  52. Brittis PA, Meiri K, Dent E, Silver J. (1995) The earliest patterns of neuronal differentiation and migration in the mammalian central nervous system. Exp Neurol. 1995 Jul; 134(1):1-12.
  53. Silver J. (1994) Inhibitory molecules in development and regeneration. J Neurol. 1994 Dec; 242(1 Suppl 1):S22-S24.
  54. Hoke A, Canning DR, Malemud CJ, Silver J. (1994) Regional differences in reactive gliosis induced by substrate-bound beta-amyloid. Exp Neurol. 1994 Nov; 130(1):56-66.
  55. Gonzalez ML, Silver J. (1994) Axon-glia interactions regulate ECM patterning in the postnatal rat olfactory bulb. J Neurosci. 1994 Oct; 14(10):6121-6131.
  56. DeWitt DA, Richey PL, Praprotnik D, Silver J, Perry G. (1994) Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are a common component of neuronal inclusions and astrocytic reaction in neurodegenerative diseases.Brain Res. 1994 Sep 5; 656(1):205-209.
  57. Frisa PS, Goodman MN, Smith GM, Silver J, Jacobberger JW. (1994) Immortalization of immature and mature mouse astrocytes with SV40 T antigen. J Neurosci Res. 1994 Sep 1; 39(1):47-56.
  58. Brittis PA, Silver J. (1994) Exogenous glycosaminoglycans induce complete inversion of retinal ganglion cell bodies and their axons within the retinal neuroepithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 2; 91(16):7539-7542.
  59. Herrup K, Silver J. (1994) Cortical development and topographic maps: patterns of cell dispersion in developing cerebral cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1994 Feb;4(1):108-111.
  60. Hoke A, Silver J. (1994) Heterogeneity among astrocytes in reactive gliosis. Perspect Dev Neurobiol. 1994; 2(3):269-274.
  61. Canning DR, McKeon RJ, DeWitt DA, Perry G, Wujek JR, Frederickson RC, Silver J. (1993) beta-Amyloid of Alzheimer's disease induces reactive gliosis that inhibits axonal outgrowth. Exp Neurol. 1993 Dec; 124(2):289-298.
  62. Gonzalez Mde L, Malemud CJ, Silver J. (1993) Role of astroglial extracellular matrix in the formation of rat olfactory bulb glomeruli. Exp Neurol. 1993 Sep; 123(1):91-105.
  63. Goodman MN, Silver J, Jacobberger JW. (1993) Establishment and neurite outgrowth properties of neonatal and adult rat olfactory bulb glial cell lines. Brain Res. 1993 Aug 13; 619(1-2):199-213.
  64. DeWitt DA, Silver J, Canning DR, Perry G. (1993) Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are associated with the lesions of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol. 1993 Jun; 121(2):149-152.
  65. Pindzola RR, Doller C, Silver J. (1993) Putative inhibitory extracellular matrix molecules at the dorsal root entry zone of the spinal cord during development and after root and sciatic nerve lesions. Dev Biol. 1993 Mar; 156(1):34-48.
  66. Silver J, Edwards MA, Levitt P. (1993) Immunocytochemical demonstration of early appearing astroglial structures that form boundaries and pathways along axon tracts in the fetal brain. J Comp Neurol. 1993 Feb 15; 328(3):415-436.
  67. Silver J. (1993) Glia-neuron interactions at the midline of the developing mammalian brain and spinal cord. Perspect Dev Neurobiol. 1993; 1(4):227-236.
  68. Brittis PA, Canning DR, Silver J. (1992) Chondroitin sulfate as a regulator of neuronal patterning in the retina. Science. 1992 Feb 7; 255(5045):733-736.
  69. McKeon RJ, Schreiber RC, Rudge JS, Silver J. (1991) Reduction of neurite outgrowth in a model of glial scarring following CNS injury is correlated with the expression of inhibitory molecules on reactive astrocytes. J Neurosci. 1991 Nov; 11(11):3398-3411.
  70. Lefkowitz M, Durand D, Smith G, Silver J. (1991) Electrical properties of axons within probst bundles of acallosal mice and callosi that have reformed upon glial-coated polymer implants.Exp Neurol. 1991 Sep; 113(3):306-313.
  71. Watanabe M, Rutishauser U, Silver J. (1991) Formation of the retinal ganglion cell and optic fiber layers. J Neurobiol. 1991 Jan; 22(1):85-96.
  72. Rudge JS, Silver J. (1990) Inhibition of neurite outgrowth on astroglial scars in vitro. J Neurosci. 1990 Nov; 10(11):3594-3603.
  73. Schneider BF, Silver J. (1990) Failure of the subcallosal sling to develop after embryonic X-irradiation is correlated with absence of the cavum septi. J Comp Neurol. 1990 Sep 22; 299(4):462-469.
  74. Snow DM, Lemmon V, Carrino DA, Caplan AI, Silver J. (1990) Sulfated proteoglycans in astroglial barriers inhibit neurite outgrowth in vitro. Exp Neurol. 1990 Jul; 109(1):111-130.
  75. Siegal JD, Kliot M, Smith GM, Silver J. (1990) A comparison of the regeneration potential of dorsal root fibers into gray or white matter of the adult rat spinal cord. Exp Neurol. 1990 Jul;109(1):90-97.
  76. Kliot M, Smith GM, Siegal JD, Silver J. (1990) Astrocyte-polymer implants promote regeneration of dorsal root fibers into the adult mammalian spinal cord. Exp Neurol. 1990 Jul;109(1):57-69.
  77. Smith GM, Rutishauser U, Silver J, Miller RH. (1990) Maturation of astrocytes in vitro alters the extent and molecular basis of neurite outgrowth. Dev Biol. 1990 Apr; 138(2):377-390.
  78. Snow DM, Steindler DA, Silver J. (1990) Molecular and cellular characterization of the glial roof plate of the spinal cord and optic tectum: a possible role for a proteoglycan in the development of an axon barrier. Dev Biol. 1990 Apr; 138(2):359-376.
  79. Rudge JS, Smith GM, Silver J. (1989) An in vitro model of wound healing in the CNS: analysis of cell reaction and interaction at different ages. Exp Neurol. 1989 Jan; 103(1):1-16.
  80. Hankin MH, Silver J. (1988) Development of intersecting CNS fiber tracts: the corpus callosum and its perforating fiber pathway. J Comp Neurol. 1988 Jun 8;272(2):177-190.
  81. Hankin MH, Schneider BF, Silver J. (1988) Death of the subcallosal glial sling is correlated with formation of the cavum septi pellucidi. J Comp Neurol. 1988 Jun 8; 272(2):191-202.
  82. Webster MJ, Shatz CJ, Kliot M, Silver J. (1988) Abnormal pigmentation and unusual morphogenesis of the optic stalk may be correlated with retinal axon misguidance in embryonic Siamese cats. J Comp Neurol. 1988 Mar 22; 269(4):592-611.
  83. Holley JA, Silver J. (1987) Growth pattern of pioneering chick spinal cord axons. Dev Biol. 1987 Oct; 123(2):375-388.

Education

Doctor of Philosophy
Case Western Reserve University
1974

Residencies, Internships and Fellowships

Postdoctoral, Neurosciences
Harvard Medical School