Images | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland State University, Michael Schwartz Library, Special Collections.

Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company Vice President of Marketing, Karl H. Rudolph standing near the “Best Location in the Nation” billboard near Cleveland Hopkins Airport in January 1962. Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.

"The Dominance of the City" Mural by Ora Coltman

Matthew Chasney

"Dominance of the City" mural by Ora Coltman in the Cleveland Public Library's main branch, 2018.

Courtesy of Cleveland Call and Post

Picture published in the November 4, 1967 Cleveland Call and Post article titled “Mets Campaign For Stokes.” Women are shown with campaign signs reading “Stokes for Progress Nov. 7th” and “Let’s Do Cleveland Proud…. Elect Carl Stokes Mayor.”

Cleveland Memory

Early 20th century postcard for “Cleveland: Sixth City.” “Scene along the Ohio Canal.”

A production photo from “The Key to the City” (1963) with (left to right) Ray Culley, President of Cinecraft, Julius Potocsny, Chet Huntley

Hagley.org

A production photo from “The Key to the City” (1963) with (left to right) Ray Culley, President of Cinecraft, Julius Potocsny, Vice President and Director at Cinecraft, and Chet Huntley, best known as co-anchor of the NBC evening news program, The Huntley–Brinkley Report, for 14 years. The film was made for Haines & Company Publishers.

Courtesy of the National Baseball Hall of Fame

Roster of the 1911 Addie Joss baseball benefit "All Star" game. The Cleveland Indians faced off against the best players from the American League. The game raised money for Joss' wife and children after his untimely death.

Cleveland Memory

1952 Cuyahoga River Fire. Fire and black smoke are rising from the Cuyahoga River with onlookers from a bridge. Cleveland Memory.

At the catafalque on Public Square, a crowd gathers on April 28th, 1965, to view the body of Abraham Lincoln.

A crowd gathers at the catafalque on Public Square to view the body of Abraham Lincoln, 28 Apr. 1865. WRHS.

A view of the façade of the Academy of Music on Bank (West 6th Street), ca. 1880s. WRHS.

The Academy of Music, ca. 1880s. WRHS.

The International Salt Co. (now Akzo-Nobel) mine underneath Whiskey Island, 1966. CPL.

From the Cleveland Press Collection at the CSU Archives, an image of Muhammad Ali watching Chuck Wepner fall to the canvas in the 15th round, 24 Mar. 1975.

Muhammad Ali watches Chuck Wepner fall to the canvas in the 15th round, 24 Mar. 1975. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

A view of the Alta House Social Settlement at Mayfield Rd. and E. 125,in Little Italy, ca. 1920. WRHS.

Alta House, Mayfield Rd. and E. 125, ca. 1920. WRHS.

This sculpted head of Amasa Stone, first used as a keystone at the old Union Depot, now adorns the Amasa Stone Chapel on the Case Western Reserve University Campus.

This sculpted head of Amasa Stone, first used as a keystone at the old Union Depot, now adorns the Amasa Stone Chapel. Wendell Morningstar Photography.

A team of Engineers survey the partially completed Ambler Parkway in 1895. WRHS.

Engineers survey Ambler Parkway, 1895. WRHS.

Cleveland Ship Building Co., a forerunner of the American Ship Building Co., 1890. WRHS

Samuel Andrews's mansion, also called 'Andrews's Folly,' located on Euclid Ave., ca. 1890. WRHS.

The Great Lakes cruise ship, S.S. Aquarama docks in Cleveland in 1956. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives

The S.S. Aquarama docks in Cleveland, 1956. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Homeless people crowd the inside of the Wayfarer

The Wayfarer's Lodge provided temporary shelter for people in need during the Great Depression, ca. 1930. WRHS.

The Charcoal Plant of the Austin Powder Company stands near the Five Mile Lock of the Ohio-Erie Canal, ca. 1870. The facility exploded in 1907. WRHS

Charcoal Plant of the Austin Powder Company, near the Five Mile Lock of the Ohio-Erie Canal, ca. 1870. The facility exploded in 1907. WRHS.

The Astor House, the oldest structure in Cleveland, as it appeared in the early 1900s. WRHS

The Astor House as it appeared in the early 1900s. WRHS

The sled dog Balto, named for explorer Samuel Johansen Balto, stands beside his owner, Gunnar Kasson, ca. 1925. CPL

Balto and his owner, Gunnar Kasson, ca. 1925. CPL

The crowd and players stand for the National Anthem at the 1954 All Star Game held at Cleveland's Municipal Stadium, 13 July 1954. The Sporting News.

Snow piles from the blizzard of 1913 impede traffic on West 25 Street. WRHS

The blizzard of 1913 impedes traffic on West 25 Street. WRHS.

A carriage is exiting the Blue Rock Mineral Springs at the foot of Cedar Hill, ca. 1900.

Carriage exits the Blue Rock Mineral Springs at the foot of Cedar Hill, ca. 1900. In 1995, the site was the location for the Lincoln Storage Co. WRHS.

This large three-story house on Kinsman Road served as the first location of the Booth Memorial Hospital Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives

First location of the Booth Memorial Hospital on Kinsman Rd., n.d. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

This panoramic view shows Standard Oil Co.

Standard Oil Co.'s No. 1 Refinery in Cleveland when the city was the center of the world petroleum industry, 1889. WRHS.

Standard Oil Co. founder John D. Rockefeller escorts sister-in-law Lucy Spelman through Coit Rd. Railroad Station in East Cleveland, en route to Rockefeller

Standard Oil Co. founder John D. Rockefeller (with cane) escorts sister-in-law Lucy Spelman through Coit Rd. Station in East Cleveland, en route to Rockefeller's Forest Hill summer home, 1912. WRHS.

Courtesy of Cleveland Memory

Fourth hole at the Acacia Country Club

Adele Parker, astride a horse and waving her hat jumps a three-rail barrier.

Cleveland State University, Special Collections

Adele von Ohl Parker, ca. 1930

Courtesy of WRHS

Adrian "Addie" Joss pitching for the Cleveland Americans, c. 1903

Alexander Blazys. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS.

Alfred Benesch. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Photo of the Allen Memorial Medical Library from across the street, 1929.

Cleveland Public Library

Allen Memorial Medical Library, 1929.

Courtesy of the Plain Dealer Archives

Advertisement for Anna Pavlova and Mikhail Mordkin in Cleveland at the Hippodrome Theater, "The Plain Dealer," 22 May 1910.

Annie Spencer Cutter. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Archie Bell. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Arial view of the 1936-37 Great Lakes Exposition

Cleveland Memory

Arial view of the 1936-1937 Great Lakes Exposition grounds with Municipal Stadium is in the foreground

Black and White photo of August Chilcote

tap-usa.com

A view from behind home plate shows a crowd of over 100,000 watching the intercity championship baseball game between White Auto and Omaha "Luxus" teams at Brookside Park Stadium, 10 Oct. 1915. WRHS

The intercity championship baseball game between White Auto and Omaha 'Luxus' at Brookside Park Stadium, 10 Oct. 1915. Over 100,000 spectators viewed the contest. WRHS.

Barnett Brickner. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Sherlock Holmes actor Basil Rathbone on the set of a Cinecraft sponsored film for the Carling Brewing Company

Hagley.org

Sponsored film studios based in Cleveland helped launch a number of beer brands and beer packaging innovations – like these from the Carling Brewing Company. Here, Sherlock Holmes actor, Basil Rathbone, is on a Cinecraft Productions set promoting the Leisy Premier Theatre, a 1951 weekly TV show.

Benedict Crowell. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Benjamin P. Bole. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS Archive

Black and White Photo of Benjamin P. Forbes Sitting at his desk

Courtesy of Western Reserve Historical Society

Hagley Museum and Library

Cinecraft founders Betty and Ray Culley (behind the camera), circa 1940.

Courtesy of the Plain Dealer

Betty Cope, founding president of WVIZ Channel 25 and television pioneer, with camera on the set of WVIZ.

Staff of the Black History Archives at Western Reserve Historical Society in 1970. OLIVIA MARTIN, DENNIS HARRISON, and KERMIT PIKE

From the Ohio Archivist, Fall 1970

Image from the Society of Ohio Archivists newsletter, Fall 1970

WRHS

Bob Feller, age 17, pitching in his major league debut against the St. Louis Browns on 23 Aug. 1936. The Indians would win the game, 4-1.

The three-story Cataract House Hotel at Broadway and South Miles avenues was a noted hotel in the Newburg area of Cleveland in 1867. CP

The Cataract House Hotel, Broadway and South Miles avenues, 1867. CPL.

The Gothic style Central High School building, ca. 1888

Central Market, E. 4th St., ca. 1946. WRHS.

This view from the Cuyahoga River shows the swing span of the Central Viaduct circa 1910.

The Central Viaduct spans the Cuyahoga River, ca. 1910. WRHS.

Period automobiles line the street in front of Al Sutphin

Al Sutphin's Cleveland Arena, 1947. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

African-American newsboys gather in front of the Call & Post building, home to Cleveland

Newsboys gather in front of the Call & Post building, ca. 1935. Photo from the Allen Cole Collection, WRHS.

City of Cleveland Wards, 1840

City of Cleveland Wards, 1860

City of Cleveland Wards, 1880

City of Cleveland Wards, 1900

City of Cleveland Wards, 1920

City of Cleveland Wards, 1949

City of Cleveland Wards, 1963

City of Cleveland Wards, 1986

City of Cleveland Wards, 1995

Firefighters rescue workers by ladder at the Cleveland Clinic main building during the Clinic Disaster on 15 May 1929. Courtesy of the Archives of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and the Plain Dealer

Firefighters rescue workers at the Cleveland Clinic Disaster, 15 May 1929. Courtesy of the Archives of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and the Plain Dealer.

Armed forces personnel bearing flags stand at attention at the dedication ceremonies of the American Cultural Garden, July 1943. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer

Dedication ceremonies at the American Cultural Garden, July 1943. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

A three-horse team pulls the Cleveland Fire Department

The Cleveland Fire Department's Engine NO. 2 on Public Square, ca. 1910. WRHS.

Members of the Cleveland Gatling Gun Battery test their weapons at Lake Chatauqua, ca. 1895. WRHS

The Cleveland Gatling Gun Battery, at Lake Chatauqua, ca. 1895. WRHS.

Members of the Cleveland Grays in full uniform pose for a group picture at Camp Wise, ca. 1890s. WRHS

The Cleveland Grays gather at Camp Wise, ca. 1890s. WRHS.

Numerous signs and advertisements adorn the facade of the Cleveland Herald Building on Bank Street (W. 6th) and Superior Avenue, ca. 1870s. WRHS.

The Cleveland Herald Building, Bank Street (W. 6th) and Superior Avenue, ca. 1870s. WRHS.

A passenger car of the Cleveland, Southwestern, & Columbus Interurban Railway, arrives in Cleveland ca. 1920. WRHS

Passenger car of the Cleveland, Southwestern, & Columbus Interurban Railway, ca. 1920. WRHS.

An aerial view of the Cleveland State Hospital shows the extent of the large complex on Turney Road, ca. 1951. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives

An aerial view of the Cleveland State Hospital complex, ca. 1951. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Three Gothic style buildings on Woodland Avenue served as the Cleveland Workhouse in the 1880s. WRHS.

Cleveland Workhouse, ca. 1880s. WRHS.

Charred aftermath of the Lakeview Elementary School after the tragic Collinwood school fire, 4 Mar. 1908. WRHS

The smoldering remains of Lakeview Elementary School after the Collinwood school fire, 4 Mar. 1908. WRHS.

A ceramist sprays glaze on a small statue at Cowan Pottery

A ceramist at work at Cowan Pottery's studio, 1928. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

This five-story steel sphere was used for oxygen-therapy for patients at the Cunningham Sanitarium, ca. 1930. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

The Cunningham Sanitarium, ca. 1930. The five-story steel sphere was utilized for oxygen-therapy for the sanitarium's patients. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

The Cuyahoga Building on Public Square, designed by Daniel H. Burnham and erected in 1893, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

A view of the Cuyahoga River, looking north from the riverbank at Superior Ave., 1870. WRHS.

Soldiers stand in formation outside the Central Armory on Lakeside Avenue during World War I. WRHS

Soldiers stand in formation at Central Armory during World War I. WRHS.

A black and white photo of the facade of a building with a sign that reads "Cadillac Lounge"

Cleveland Memory

The sign for the Cadillac Lounge in 1949

A lithograph depicting a blast furnace. The print is stamped "Federal Art Program No. 1."

Cleveland Public Library

"Blast Furnace" by Jolan Gross-Bettelheim.

Cleveland Memory

Carl Stokes and his wife Shirley outside a voting booth on Election Day, 1967. By winning the election, Stokes became the first African-American to be elected mayor of a large U.S. city.

The program from a concert given by Carmela Cafarelli, including an overview, reviews, and photographs.2.09 MB

Carmela Cafarelli's obituary from the Plain Dealer, 3 Sept. 1979378.86 KB

Glenn Curtiss' flight from Euclid Beach, circa 1905-1910

WRHS

Glenn Curtiss' flight from Euclid Beach, ca. 1905-1910.

CEN-PE-CO owner posing with award at the induction ceremony for The One Hundred Years Club of Western Reserve

CEN-PE-CO owner at the induction ceremony for The One Hundred Years Club of Western Reserve

Black and white photograph of Central Petroleum Company with company workers posing outisde.

Case Hall, a noted concert and lecture hall at Public Square and Superior is shown as it appeared in the early 1900s. WRHS.

Case Hall as it appeared in the early 1900s. WRHS.

Image of Cleveland City Hall ca. 1880s. WRHS.

Cleveland City Hall as it appeared in the 1880s. WRHS.

Chester Castle Bolton, 1932. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

1948 photo of the Cinecraft, Inc. "Television Televised" film

Hagley.org

1948 still from the Cinecraft, Inc. film, "Television Televised"

Paul Burik

The lobby of Cleveland's Bohemian National Hall, dedicated to the Cleveland Agreement of 1915 during the centennial celebration of Czechoslovakia in October 2018.

Paul Burik

Minutes of the Cleveland Agreement conference. The last item (item #8) indicates that, once signed by the two parties, these minutes constitute the agreement. Presidents Dr. Ludvik Fisher signed for “České národní sdružení” – the Bohemian National Alliance, and Mr. Albert Mamatey signed for the Slovak League.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Press

Cleveland city seals, as designed by the artists of the Cleveland Press, January 13, 1973.

Cleveland State University Digital Collection

The Cleveland Film Exchange building in 1965

WRHS

Exterior view of the 1930s Cleveland Municipal Airport building.

Photo by Oleg Makarov, courtesy of The Cleveland Orchestra Archives

George Szell leading the Cleveland Orchestra at the Leningrad Philharmonia Bolshoi Hall, Leningrad, May 1965.

Cleveland Public Library Logo

Cleveland Memory

School gardeners at Ben Franklin Garden

A piano and microphones stand in the main studio of the Cleveland Recording Co in this undated photograph

Cleveland Recording Co. Studio

Cleveland Municipal Stadium

A black and white photo of the Cuyahoga County Jail and Criminal Courts Building in 1931, a towering stone structure.

Cleveland Public Library

A photo of the Cuyahoga County Jail and Criminal Courts Building in 1931.

A black and white photo of a cell in the fourth Cuyahoga County Jail in 1910, with a cot on the left and photos hanging on the wall above

Cleveland Public Library

A photo of a cell in the fourth Cuyahoga County Jail in 1910.

Exterior view, barges passing on Cuyahoga River near Huron Cement

Doctors' Hospital at 12345 Cedar Rd., ca. 1948. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

Courtesy of Cleveland Memory

Dr. Harriet Dustan, second woman president of the American Heart Association and first editor-in-chief of the AHA journal "Hypertension" in 1977

Dudley Blossom. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Map of the East and West branches of Dugway Brook in Cleveland, Ohio

City of University Heights

County Engineering employees searching through the blast wreckage of the East Ohio Gas Co. explosion, 1944. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives

County Engineering employees search through the wreckage of the East Ohio Gas Co. explosion, 1944. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

The vast interior of Cleveland’s first ice skating venue, the Elysium stands empty in this undated photograph. WRHS, courtesy of the Kekic Collection

Interior of the Elysium, n.d. WRHS, courtesy of the Kekic Collection.

Stately homes line 'Millionaires' Row' on Euclid Ave., looking west from Erie St. (E. 9th), ca. 1870. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

The tall spire of the Euclid Ave. Baptist Church dwarfs other buildings along Euclid near East 18th Street, ca. 1900. WRHS

Euclid Ave. Baptist Church, ca. 1900. WRHS.

Construction of the Euclid Ave. Opera House at Euclid and East 4th street is nearly completed in this view from the mid 1870s. WRHS

Construction of the Euclid Ave. Opera House, ca. 1870s. WRHS.

Patrons at Euclid Beach Park ride the miniature railroad train, ca. 1930s. Courtesy of Amusement Park Books, Inc./Ed Chukayne

Patrons at Euclid Beach Park, ca. early 1930s. Pictured: Members of the Eppley family, including Arleen Eppley Gannon and her brother George Eppley, and sisters Marcella and Dorma. Courtesy of Amusement Park Books, Inc./Ed Chukayne.

Matthew Chasney

Site of the Glenville Shootout from the intersection of E. 123rd and Beulah looking east toward Lakeview Avenue, 2018.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection.

Cyris Eaton (standing) and Nikita Khrushchev (sitting) at the Biltmore Hotel lunch reception, September 30, 1960.

Courtesy of the Western Reserve Historical Society.

Cyrus Eaton (standing) and his wife Anne (seated in a wheelchair) meet with Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow, 1964.

Cyrus Eaton (extreme right) meets with visiting Soviet journalists at his Acadia Farms in Northfield, Ohio, 28 October 1955.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection.

Cyrus Eaton (extreme right) meets with visiting Soviet journalists at his Acadia Farms in Northfield, Ohio, October 28, 1955. The Soviet journalists (from left to right) are as follows: Anatoli V. Sofronov, Viktor V. Poltoratski, Aleksei I. Adzhubei, Boris N. Kampov-Polevoy, and Valentin M. Berezhkov.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection.

The troika gifted by Anastas Mikoyan to Cyrus Eaton at his Acadia Farms in Northfield, Ohio, 2 March 1959.

Aerial view of Union Terminal Development and a flying plane in the foreground

Courtesy of Cleveland Memory

Cleveland Safety Director Eliot Ness, 1941

Courtesy of Cleveland Memory

13 January 1936 police raid of the Harvard Club, led by Safety Director Eliot Ness. Left to right in civilian dress: Det. Sergt. Patrick Ryan, Prosecutor Cullitan, Al Cumat, Eliot Ness, Frank Celebrezze

Looking east from S.E. corner of square;centennial celebration. Filled with horse and carriages, trolley cars and automobiles

Euclid Avenue near East 9th Street in the 1920s

WRHS

Euclid Avenue near East 9th Street circa 1920s

A color photograph of the modern entrance to Euclid Chemical at 19001 Cochran Avenue

A full-side view of a large 1910 Cleveland-Built F.B. Stearns sedan. Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum, WRHS.

A 1910 F.B. Stearns sedan. Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum, WRHS.

A young boy leans against a lamppost just across the street from First Baptist Church at Euclid Ave. and Erie (E. 9th) St., in 1875. WRHS.

First Baptist Church at Euclid Ave. and Erie (E. 9th) St., 1875. WRHS.

The Old Stone Church (First Presbyterian Church) next to the Cleveland Electric Illuminating building, ca. 1910. WRHS

The Old Stone Church (First Presbyterian Church) on Public Square, flanked by the Cleveland Electric Illuminating building, ca. 1910. WRHS.

This aerial view of the Fisher Body Plant on Coit Rd. shows the enormous size of the factory, ca. 1949. WRHS

Aerial view of the Fisher Body Plant on Coit Rd., ca. 1949. WRHS.

Members of the Forest City Baseball Club pose for a formal studio photograph in uniform and with bats in the early 1880s. WRHS.

Members of the Forest City Baseball Club in the early 1880s. WRHS.

A large temporary triumphal arch spanned Superior Avenue on Public Square a part of a celebration of Germany

Public Square celebration of Germany's victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War, 1871. WRHS.

Nine members, including founder John O. Holly of the Future Outlook League pose for a formal studio photograph, ca. 1938. Photo from the Allen Cole Collection, WRHS.

Members of the Future Outlook League, ca. 1938. Photo from the Allen Cole Collection, WRHS.

Cleveland Memory

A black and white sketch of the first Cuyahoga County Courthouse and Jail

Courtesy of the Plain Dealer

Susan Hepburn's original design for the municipal flag of Cleveland, as published in The Plain Dealer on September 15, 1895

Florence Allen. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

A 1935 quilt made with a "Nancy Page" laurel wreath quilt pattern

Quiltindex.org

A 1935 quilt made with a Florence LaGanke "Nancy Page" laurel wreath quilt pattern. This particular pattern series appeared in newspapers across the country from 1934-1935

Courtesy of Western Reserve Historical Society

Forbes Chocolate Company

Mrs. Frances Taft presents a box of roses to Mrs. Shirley Stokes, wife of mayor-elect Carl B. Stokes, to congratulate her on Stokes' victory

Cleveland Memory

Frances Taft (in light coat) presents a box of roses to Shirley Stokes, wife of mayor-elect Carl B. Stokes, congratulating her on her husband's successful election, 1967

Courtesy of Cleveland Memory

After homering in his first at-bat on Opening Day 1975, Cleveland Indians player/manager Frank Robinson is greeted by Tribe player John Lowenstein

Frank Sidel and Stu Buchanan discussion a script for "The Ohio Story" radio and TV series

Ohio Genealogical Society Library

“The Ohio Story” radio and TV series was written by Frank Siedel (left) and produced by Stu Buchanan (right). The series ran state-wide from 1947 to 1955 on radio and 1953 to 1961 on TV. At the time, the filmed series held the record as the longest-running scripted radio and TV program in the nation.

Frank Siedel standing amidst a pile of "The Ohio Story" film reels and scripts

Ohio Genealogical Society Library

Frank Siedel standing amidst 1,300+ radio scripts and 175 cans of TV show filmstock for "The Ohio Story."

Courtesy of the Women's City Club

Portrait of Frederick J. Lipp

A large crowd gathers for services at the Garfield Monument, Lake View Cemetery, to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the birth of James A. Garfield, 1932. CSU Archives.

Services at the Garfield Monument, Lake View Cemetery, commemorate the centennial anniversary of the birth of James A. Garfield, 1932. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Two rows of women stand at ironing board in The Ironing Department of L.N. Gross Co. garment company, ca. 1930. WRHS.

The Ironing Department of L.N. Gross Co., ca. 1930. WRHS.

A Conceptual Cross-Section of the Geology of the Greater Cleveland area.

Conceptual Cross-Section of Local Geology

Ancient Shorelines of Lake Erie

Major Rivers and Streams of Cuyahoga County

Workers at the Glenn L. Martin company relax in front of the Martin MB-I Bomber they are building , ca. 1920. WRHS.

Workers relax after completing work on a Martin Bomber, ca. 1920. WRHS.

Harness racing at Glenville Track, ca. 1900. WRHS.

Ohio National Guard soldiers stand near a jeep while on duty in Cleveland following the Glenville shootout, July 1968. CPL.

Ohio National Guard soldiers on duty in Cleveland following the Glenville shootout, July 1968. CPL.

Congressional Districts, 48th Congress

Congressional Districts, 61st-82nd Congress

Congressional Districts, 93nd-97th Congress

Congressional Districts, 104th Congress

Public square and the Soldiers and Sailors Monument are decorated for the Grand Army of the Republic Convention in 1901. WRHS

Grand Army of the Republic Convention, 1901. WRHS.

IMG Motor Sports driver Paul Tracy maneuvers through the course at the 1994 Grand Prix of Cleveland. Courtesy of IMG Motor Sports.

The Sherwin-Williams Plaza at the Great Lakes Exposition dominates Mall A in this image taken in 1937. WRHS.

Mall A was the site of the Sherwin-Williams Plaza at the Great Lakes Exposition of 1937. WRHS.

Cleveland Memory

Sandy Block (left) and Tony Rogers, members of Cleveland’s Gay Activists Alliance in 1972

George Adomeit. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

George Crile. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Courtesy of The Cleveland Orchestra Archives

George Szell meets with Armenian Orthodox Patriarch (Catholicos) Vazgen I (seated), Etchmiadzin, Armenia, May 3, 1965. Photographer unknown.

The Plain Dealer

Photo caption reads “George Voinovich throws out the first plum at an Indians-Yankees game, launching a campaign [Cleveland is a Plum] to sweeten Cleveland’s image nationally.” Courtesy of Cleveland Public Library and The Plain Dealer.

George G. Jones with assistant at Favorite Brass Foundry, 2539 Central Ave.

Germania Hall in 1940, then used as the Goodwill Industries headquarters building

Cleveland Public Library Digital Gallery

Germania Hall in 1940, then used as the Goodwill Industries headquarters. The building, designed by Cudell and Richardson and built in 1887, was demolished circa 1954.

Dad (right, second row from top) - 1928.

Image of Senior Editor Dr. John Grabowski, of the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

Senior Editor John J. Grabowski

Senior Editor John J. Grabowski, Krieger-Mueller - Associate Professor of Applied History

Dad (second row from the top) Washington Park, Memorial day 1928

Dad (second row from the top) in 1928.

Cleveland Memory

Aerial view of the main entrance to the Great Lakes Exposition, Sherwin-Williams Plaza, Cleveland Convention Center, and Cleveland City Hall

Cleveland Public Library

Gross-Bettelheim's print of a blast furnace for the Federal Art Project in Cleveland.

This photograph from 30 December 1940 shows Vahe Gulbenkian repairing such a rug on a loom at 12551 Euclid Ave.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection.

The Armenians have long played a major role in Cleveland's Oriental Rug business. This photograph from December 30, 1940 shows Vahe Gulbenkian repairing such a rug on a loom at 12551 Euclid Ave.

The early Euclid Ave. location of Halle Bros. Department Store, ca. 1900. WRHS.

Patrons of Haltnorth's Garden, Willson (E. 55th) and Woodland aves., ca. 1890. WRHS.

People, trucks and streetcars fill the Haymarket area along Ontario Ave., ca. 1930. The facilities for the Gateway sports complex now occupy much of the site. WRHS.

The Haymarket area along Ontario Ave., ca. 1930. The facilities for the Gateway sports complex now occupy much of the site. WRHS.

he enormous Hollenden Hotel dominates the corner of Superior Ave. and E. 6th St. in 1906. WRHS

Hollenden Hotel at Superior Ave. and E. 6th St. 1906. WRHS.

Stone carvers pose in their workshop on a sculptural pylon for the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge, later renamed the Hope Memorial Bridge, ca. 1931. WRHS.

Stone carvers pose on a pylon of the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge, later renamed the Hope Memorial Bridge, ca. 1931. WRHS.

Bakers hand-decorate cakes at the main plant of Hough Bakery, 1973. CPL.

In front of the Hanna Theater, Milton Krantz, "Mr. First-Nighter," releases a homing pigeon on 6 May 1976

Cleveland Memory

Built in 1921, the Hanna Theater was a cornerstone of the Cleveland theater scene. In this photograph, general manager Milton Krantz, releases a homing pigeon in front of the theater on May 6, 1976. The pigeon took thirty minutes to reach its roost in North Olmsted. Krantz was know as "Mr. First Nighter."

Harris Cooley. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Influential newspaper man, Harry Volk

Larry Gorjup

The emperor showing off his “new clothes” to townspeople in The Emperor’s New Clothes. Note the wide range of ages, because actors were drawn from all grades in Cleveland Heights schools.

The Emperor’s New Clothes dress rehearsal

Larry Gorjup

In dress rehearsal for the Emperor's New Clothes: Left to right, Frank Porath as a tailor to the Emperor; unknown actor as the chamberlain; Wally Wood as a tailor to the Emperor.

The Emperor’s New Clothes with Frank Porath as a tailor

Larry Gorjup

Frank Porath as a tailor, being visited by the emperor’s chamberlain early in the play, The Emperor’s New Clothes.

The Emperor's New Clothes rehearsal with actors and scenery

Larry Gorjup

At left, scenery for Emperor’s throne room in The Emperor’s New Clothes. At right, street scene with actors preparing for the dress rehearsal. All scenery for this and other plays in this television series were painted by Barbara Wood.

In The Emperor's New Clothes, tailors convince the king to buy new clothes.

Larry Gorjup

In The Emperor’s New Clothes, the two tailors (played by recent Cleveland Heights HS graduates Wally Wood and Frank Porath) are convincing the Emperor (unknown actor) to buy new clothing only visible to honest people. Scene takes place in Emperor’s throne room.

Smith College Special Collections

Helen Maria Chesnutt class of 1901 photograph, courtesy of Smith College

Holy Name High School

Courtesy of James Kulhanek

Self-portrait of James Charles Kulhanek in an Austro-Hungarian Hussar uniform, 1937

A Map Ethnic Settlements in Cuyahoga County based on census tract data, ca. 1923.

A Conceptual map of Traditional Ethnic Neighborhoods in Cuyahoga County, 1900-1950.

The Carlin House, at 3233 Euclid Avenue, one mansions of Euclid Avenue served as the Headquarters for the International Ladies Garment Workers' Union when this photograph was taken in the 1950s. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

A Lakeshore Electric Railway interurban car, ca. 1920s. WRHS.

A Lakeshore Electric Railway interurban car passes an automobile during the 1920s. WRHS.

Advertisement for the Jordan Playboy coupe, 1920. WRHS.

This advertisement for the Jordan Playboy coupe is considered a landmark in the history of automobile promotion, 1920. WRHS.

Courtesy of James Kulhanek

Self-portrait of James Charles Kulhanek in his artist regalia at age 86, 1974

Courtesy of Patricia Turk Horvath

Portrait of F. Jerome "Jerry" Turk in the 2000s

K. Elmo Lowe and his wife Dorothy Paxton in 1937

Hagley Museum and Library

1937 Cleveland Play House press photo of K. Elmo Lowe and his wife, Dorothy Paxton

Langston Hughes and performers at the Karamu Theater. Courtesy of the Karamu House

Langston Hughes sits at a table with four performers at the Karamu Theater. Courtesy of the Karamu House.

May Co. store on Public Square, 1941. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

The May Co. store on Public Square during a busy day in 1941. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

Edris Eckhardt and Kokoon Club cohorts at the 1929 Bal Masque. Courtesy of the Cleveland Artists Foundation.

Edris Eckhardt five other Kokoon Club members pose in their costumes at the 1929 Bal Masque. Courtesy of the Cleveland Artists Foundation.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection.

Fr. Jason Kappanadze at St. Theodosius, 1931.

Kirk Willis, who starred in a number of sponsored films and TV commercials produced by Cleveland-based Tri-State Motion Pictures and Cinecraft Productions.

Culley Family Collection at Hagley Library

Kirk Willis starred in a number of sponsored films and TV commercials produced by Cleveland-based Tri-State Motion Pictures and Cinecraft Productions.

Courtesy of Sarah Willis

Actor Kirk Willis

Violence erupts as strikers overturn a vehicle outside the Fisher Body Plant, 1939. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives/Photo by Fred Bottomer.

A funeral procession at Lake View Cemetery, ca. 1911. Courtesy of Lake View Cemetery Association.

A row of automobiles forms a funeral procession at Lake View Cemetery, ca. 1911. Increased automobile use in the 1910s necessitated paving the cemetery's numerous pathways for motor traffic. Courtesy of Lake View Cemetery Association.

The Lakeside Nursing Unit is received by King George V and Queen Mary at Buckingham Palace, 18 May 1917. CWRU Archives.

Ernest J. Bohn (left) escorts Eleanor Roosevelt on a tour of Lakeview Terrace at Lakeview's dedication ceremonies in 1937. Special Collections, CWRU Library.

A detailed drawing of League Park, 1924. CPL.

A detailed drawing showing League Park and its surrounding neighborhood in 1924. CPL.

An artist's rendering of the Leisy Brewing Co. facilities on Vega Avenue, ca. 1890. WRHS.

A band heads the procession at the Feast of the Assumption parade in Cleveland's Little Italy, ca. 1950. WRHS.

The Entrance to Luna Park, ca. 1910s. WRHS.

A large arch dominates the entrance to Luna Park, Cleveland’s fairyland of pleasure, ca. 1910s. WRHS.

CIO Director Lee Hall addresses a crowd of CIO members on Public Square during the Little Steel Strike, early July 1937. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Mayor Harold Burton and Safety Director Eliot Ness meet with the Steel Workers' Organization Committee at City Hall, July 1937.Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Cleveland Public Library Digital Gallery

Poet Langston Hughes in 1947

LeBron James banner being taken down from the Sherwin Williams building July 3, 2018

Matthew Chasney

LeBron James banner being removed from the Sherwin Williams building July 3, 2018

Cleveland Memory

Little Ted's Restaurant and Bar in 1949

Louise Winslow with John F. Kennedy and Cleveland Mayor Anthony Celebrezze

Cleveland State University, Michael Schwartz Library Special Collections

Louise Winslow with guests John Kennedy and Cleveland Mayor, Anthony Celebrezze, on her WERE “Brunch Time” radio show.

An early predecessor of the Main Ave. (Harold H. Burton Memorial) Bridge was this 200-foot hand-operated swing bridge, completed in 1869. WRHS.

Bird's-eye view of the 1903 Group Plan by Daniel Burnham. WRHS.

Members of the Mayor's Advisory War Committee meet at a large table in City Hall, ca. 1917. WRHS.

Debate of Carl B. Stokes and Seth Taft at the City Club of Cleveland during the 1967 mayoral campaign. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives/Photo by Bill Nehez.

A large crowd sits at tables to hear Carl B. Stokes and Seth Taft debate at the City Club of Cleveland during the 1967 mayoral campaign. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives/Photo by Bill Nehez.

Young girls sit at tables and desks during a class at Miss Mittleberger's School, 1020 Prospect St., ca. 1900. WRHS

The Moses Cleaveland Statue on Public Square, ca. 1929. WRHS.

WPA artist Leroy Flint touches up a mural in the recreation room at CMHA's Woodhill Homes, ca. 1938. Special Collections, CWRU Library.

Cleveland Memory

A young Margaret Hamilton, most well known for her role as the Wicked Witch of the West in the Wizard of Oz

Image of street musician Maurice Reedus, jr. on the sidewalks of playhouse square

Iconic Maurice "Sax Man" Reedus, Jr. playing on the sidewalks of Cleveland Playhouse Square in 2018.

Courtesy of Natalie Ryabchikova, Moscow

Russian-language advertisement for a poetry recital by Vladimir Mayakovsky in Cleveland during his trip to the U.S. The text translates as: "Hey, Clevelander, listen up! The theater isn't going anywhere. The movies aren't going anywhere. Your acquaintances aren't going anywhere - but - Mayakovsky is going back to the USSR, but before he departs, h

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection.

Anastas Mikoyan (right) meets Cyrus Eaton (standing) and his wife, Anne (seated in a wheelchair) upon his arrival in Cleveland, 7 January 1959. Soviet Ambassador to the U.S., Mikhail Menshikov, stands in the top right corner in a hat and scarf.

Morris Black, 1932. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Cleveland's First Masonic Temple as it appeared in the 1880s. WRHS.

Multiple aircraft fly in formation at the National Air Races held in Cleveland, July 1935. WRHS.

Fred Crawford (right) presents the Thompson Trophy to Roscoe Turner at the National Air Races. WRHS.

Fred Crawford (right) presents the Thompson Trophy to aviator Roscoe Turner at the Cleveland National Air Races. WRHS.

Nike Missile Base at its lakefront launching site, ca. 1958. WRHS, photo by Howard L. Newmarker.

A Nike Missile stands at the ready at its Cleveland lakefront launching site, ca. 1958. WRHS, photo by Howard L. Newmarker.

Postcard (1 of 5) sent to Elliot Ness in 1954 by an asylum inmate believed by some to be the Torso Murderer.

"Postcard (2 of 5) sent to Eliot Ness in 1954 by an asylum inmate who some people believe may have been the torso murder. Original Size:"

Postcard (2 of 5) sent to Eliot Ness in 1954 by an asylum inmate who some people believe may have been the torso murderer.

Postcard (4 of 5) sent to Eliot Ness in 1954 by an asylum inmate believed by some to have been the Torso Murderer. WRHS.

Postcard (5 of 5) sent to Eliot Ness in 1954 by an asylum inmate believed by some to have been the torso murderer.

Newton D. Baker, 1929. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Ken Blaze

Nine Shocks Terror performing at Speak in Tongues

Inside the Northern Ohio Food Terminal as it appeared in 1929. WRHS.

Rows of produce and other goods fill the inside the Northern Ohio Food Terminal in 1929. WRHS.

Five buses are lined up in a row in front of the North Olmsted Municipal Bus Line garage in this circa 1932 photograph with several drivers posed with the buses.

Olmsted Historical Society

North Olmsted buses with the bus garage behind them, ca. 1932

A collage of ten black and white images showing individuals and vehicles of the North Olmsted Municipal Bus Line during its first year of operation in 1931

James Dubelko

A 1931 collage showing the first vehicles of the NOMBL and its first employees.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library

Russian-language advertisement for poetry reading by Vladimir Mayakovsky, Novy Mir newspaper, New York, NY, 26 September 1925. From the book Mayakovsky by Aleksandr Mikhailov (Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya, 1988

Call for public celebration of the return of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescuers, July, 1859. Oberlin College Archives.

A broadside calling for public celebration of the return of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescuers, July, 1859. Oberlin College Archives.

State Boat No. 1, south of Stone Rd., on the Ohio-Erie Canal, 1902. WRHS, Courtesy of Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area.

A group of four people stand on State Boat No. 1 as it is pulled by two horses just south of Stone Rd., on the Ohio-Erie Canal, 1902. WRHS, Courtesy of Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area.

Interior view of the Olney Art Gallery, ca. 1890s. The collection was later transferred to the Dudley Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College. WRHS.

Collections fill the Olney Art Gallery in the Tremont neighborhood, ca. 1890s. The Olney collection was later transferred to the Dudley Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College. WRHS.

A horse-drawn Orlando Baking Co. delivery carriage, ca. 1909. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

Ora Coltman. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

The lagoon and fountain at Wade Park, ca. 1900. WRHS.

Two young girls watch boaters on the Wade Park lagoon in 1888. WRHS.

Map of the Cleveland Metroparks System.

This 1932 Peerless, with a complete aluminum body and engine, was one of only 3 built by the Peerless Motor Car Co. Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum, WRHS.

The Perry Monument, when it was situated on Public Square during the 1870s. WRHS.

The Perry Monument stands at the center of the intersection of Ontario and Superior in this 1870s photograph. WRHS.

Phyllis Wheatly Home, 4450 Cedar Ave., ca. 1927. WRHS.

The nine-story, newly completed Phyllis Wheatly Home at 4450 Cedar Ave., ca. 1927. WRHS.

Map of Native American Trails, Mounds, and Fortifications in Cuyahoga County.

Pres. Jimmy Carter and Republican candidate Ronald Reagan shake hands at the conclusion of the Presidential Debate, 28 Oct. 1980. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Pres. Jimmy Carter and Republican candidate Ronald Reagan shake hands at the conclusion of the Presidential Debate in Cleveland, 28 Oct. 1980. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Edward Kuekes' 1953 Pulitzer Prize winning editorial cartoon 'Aftermath' depicts two soldiers carrying a young soldier on a stretcher. One asks “Wonder if he voted?” The other replies “No…He wasn’t old enough.” Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

Dedication ceremonies at Outhwaite Homes, Aug. 1937. WRHS.

A crowd listens to an official speaking from a balcony at the dedication ceremonies for Outhwaite Homes, Aug. 1937. WRHS.

Riots and labor unrest, such as the mob violence of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Strikes of the 1880s, tested fledgling public safety forces. From Frank Leslie

This newspaper drawing documents a group of strikers breaking down a door during the Cleveland Rolling Mill Strikes Strike of 1885, tested fledgling public safety forces. From Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. WRHS.

Mayor Harold Burton (left) and Safety Director Eliot Ness pose with the Police Department

Mayor Harold Burton (left) and Safety Director Eliot Ness pose on the Mall with the Police Department's new fleet of police cars, 10 Aug. 1938. WRHS.

Southeast quadrant of Public Square, ca. 1895. WRHS.

The Soldiers and Sailor’s monument as seen from the northeast quadrant of Public Square, ca. 1895. WRHS.

Courtesy of Neil McCormick, Chairman of Cinecraft Productions

Paul Culley (left) directing a film, with Harry Horrocks, head cameraman at Cinecraft Productions, 1959

Hagley Museum and Library

On the set of the Yale & Towne Manufacturing Company film, “The Talking Hoist” (1948). (left to right) Paul Culley, Frank Benish, Bob Welchans, Harry Horrocks, and Ray Culley

Cleveland Memory

Paul Newman poses with Cleveland Indians players Leon Wagner, Chuck Hinton, and Rocky Colavito, 1966.

Paul Newman at the Cleveland Play House Children's Theatre in a production of "St. George and the Dragon."

Cleveland Memory

Paul Newman and Jeanette Klima in the 1936 production of "St. George and the Dragon." This was produced by The Cleveland Play House Children's Theatre, founded in 1933. Paul Newman is the most esteemed of the Curtain Pullers Alumni.

The exterior of the Orange Avenue Cleveland Public Bath House as it appeared early in the Twentieth Century. WRHS.

Cleveland Arts Prize

A color photo of members of the organization PFLAG Cleveland, including Jane and Robert Daroff, holding a banner for the organization at Cleveland Pride in 1991

Western Reserve Historical Society

Members of the organization PFLAG Cleveland, including Jane and Robert Daroff, holding a banner for the organization at Cleveland Pride in 1991

Vintage Aerial View #1 of Cleveland

Phillip Smead Bird. Ethel Standiford Collection, WRHS

Courtesy of James Kulhanek

Still-life painting of a Christmas poinsettia by James Charles Kulhanek done in gauche, 1967

The Perry Payne Building as it appeared in the 1880s. WRHS.

The exterior of the Perry Payne Building on Superior avenue as it appeared in the 1880s. WRHS.

Courtesy of the Plain Dealer

R. V. Murray's proposal for a city seal of Cleveland, as published in The Plain Dealer on August 12, 1895

Equipment fills the transmission room of WHK Radio, ca. 1930. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Ahaz Merchant's map of 1835 shows Cleveland just prior to its incorporation as a city.

Glowing molten steel pours from an open hearth furnace at Republic Steel's Corrigan-McKinney Works, ca. 1940s. WRHS.

Spectators crowd around the Alf Landon Bandwagon in front of Public Hall at the 1936 GOP Convention. CPL.

The faces of Otto Moser's Bar on East 4th St., a favorite of the theater-going crowd, as it looked in the mid-1960s. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

The Euclid Ave. starting line of the 1991 Revco Cleveland Marathon and 10K. Courtesy of Edward Howard and Co.; Stephen Crompton Photography.

Runners crowd the Euclid Ave. starting line of the 1991 Revco Cleveland Marathon and 10K. Courtesy of Edward Howard and Co.; Stephen Crompton Photography.

Announcement of the Moondog Coronation Ball at the Cleveland Arena, March 1952. WRHS.

A poster announcing the “first” rock concert, the Moondog Coronation Ball at the Cleveland Arena, March 1952. WRHS.

The new addition to the city greenhouse in Rockefeller Park, 1964. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

The new addition to the city greenhouse in Rockefeller Park stands at the end of a large grass field, 1964. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

The Roxy Theater on Short Vincent, 1956. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Pedestrians walk beneath the marquee of The Roxy Burlesque Theater on Short Vincent, 1956. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

WRHS

Two 1930s radio control men at work in the Cleveland Municipal Airport.

Cleveland Memory

Richard Gildenmeister escorting Lauren Bacall to a book signing party, 1979.

Cleveland-born journalist and author Robert Sam Anson in 1985

Courtesy of Sigrid Estrada

Robert Sam Anson in 1985. Anson was a Cleveland-born journalist and author who penned six non-fiction books and scores of articles for magazines such as Vanity Fair, Time, Esquire, Life, and The Atlantic.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection.

Russian folk dancers, Cleveland, 17 November 1949.

A small metal plaque with writing in English and Russian on a red brick wall marks the interment site of Charles Ruthenberg

Pietro A. Shakarian, Moscow, November 2019.

This plaque marks the site of Charles Ruthenberg's interment in the Kremlin in Moscow.

Building decorated for Saengerfest during the 1870s. WRHS.

This large wooden hall was specially built and decorated for the German Saengerfest in Cleveland in 1874. WRHS.

St. Agnes Catholic Church at Euclid and E. 81st., ca. 1940. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

This exterior view shows St. Agnes Catholic Church at Euclid and E. 81st. during the 1940s. All but the bell tower was demolished in 1975. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archive.

St. Joseph's Church, ca. 1973. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Special Collections.

A detailed drawing of St. Mary's on the Flats, the first Catholic church in the city, 1838. WRHS.

The S.S. Seeandbee docked in Buffalo, ca. 1930. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

The Great Lakes steamer, the S.S. Seeandbee docked in Buffalo, ca. 1930. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU.

Children in ethnic costume fill the Hiram House float in the 1919 Community Fund Parade. WRHS.

Severance Hall, East Blvd. and Euclid Ave., home to the Cleveland Orchestra and the Musical Arts Association, n.d. WRHS.

Severance Hall, home to the Cleveland Orchestra and the Musical Arts Association as seen from the corner of Euclid and East Boulevard in an undated photograph. WRHS.

Dr. Sam Sheppard and Defense Counsel Fred Garmone outside the court chambers, 26 Oct. 1954. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

A policeman patrols Short Vincent, 1964. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

A policeman patrols the bars and nightclubs along Short Vincent street, 1964. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Players vie for control of the ball during a soccer match at Luna Park in 1938. WRHS.

Map of the City of Cleveland Statistical Planning Areas in 1995.

Women members of the Soldiers' Aid Society of the U.S. Sanitary Commission stand in front of the Society’s offices on Bank (West 6th Street) in 1865. WRHS.

Soldiers and Sailors Monument on Public Square, 1890s. WRHS.

Soldiers and Sailors Monument on a nearly empty Public Square in the 1890s. WRHS.

Archibald Willard’s famous painting, THE SPIRIT OF '76. WRHS.

An advertisement for Stadium Opera Week held at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, July 1931. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Decoration of the famous Sterling-Lindner Christmas tree, ca. 1967. CPL.

This large, lavishly decorated indoor Christmas tree at the Sterling-Lindner company, as seen in this ca. 1967 photograph, was a regional holiday highlight. ca. 1967. CPL.

Crowds converge and stop traffic during the streetcar strike of 1899. WRHS.

Cleveland Mayor Tom L. Johnson inspects a city street repair crew and its work, ca. 1907. WRHS.

Map of Civil Subdivisions of Cuyahoga County, 1843.

Map of Civil Subdivisions of Cuyahoga County, 1903.

Map of Civil Subdivisions of Cuyahoga County, 1928.

Map of Civil Subdivisions of Cuyahoga County, 1995.

Map showing the proportional distribution of the population of Cuyahoga County, 1910.

Map showing the proportional distribution of the population of Cuyahoga County, 1930.

Map showing the proportional distribution of the population of Cuyahoga County, 1980.

Map showing the proportional distribution of the population, 1990.

The main building of St. Ignatius High School on West 30th Street, taken in 1911.

Cleveland Memory

A 1911 photograph of St. Ignatius High School on West 30th Street

Image courtesy of Judy Hardiman of Hardiman Images

Surrealist artist Salvador Dalí with his friends Reynolds and Reese Morse.

WRHS

Samuel R. Brodsky directing cameraman Ernest M. Reynolds in "House without Children," shot at the Samuel Andrews house.

This drawing of the Superior Ave. Viaduct from the 1880s shows the full extent of the structure with traffic moving both east and west. WRHS.

The Superior Avenue Viaduct as it appeared in the 1890s. WRHS.

A horse-drawn streetcar stands on the eastern end of the Superior Avenue Viaduct in the 1890s. WRHS.

Republican candidate Seth Taft (on the right) congratulates Mayor Carl B. Stokes at the Election Board, 17 Nov. 1967

Cleveland Memory

Republican Seth C. Taft [right] congratulates Mayor Carl B. Stokes [left] at the Cuyahoga County Election Board, after the election recount was completed. The recount gave Stokes a 1,679 vote victory over Taft. 11 Nov. 1967

Hagley Museum and Library

Airmail pilots Clevelander, Shirley J. Short (in plane), and Harry G. Smith on right on June 10, 1927. Short flew airmail between Cleveland and Chicago. Smith covered the Chicago to Omaha route.

Cleveland Public Library

Joe Shuster, one of Superman's two creators, attends a freehand drawing course at Fenn College.

Opening Day Crowds for the Slovenian National Home, ca 1924. WRHS.

A large crowd and flags and banners fill this image of the cornerstone ceremony for the Slovenian National Home on St. Clair Avenue., ca 1924. WRHS.

An old 1920s auto stands in front of a white frame building that house the Springvale Dance Hall. A man and a boy stand on the steps leading into the building

Olmsted Historical Society

Spring Vale Dance Hall in 1923

Modern wing of the St. Martin DePorres High School attached to the 1909 building that was formerly the Kausek Department Store

Dave Hall

Modern wing of the St. Martin DePorres High School. It is attached to the 1909 building that was formerly the Kausek Department Store.

Courtesy of the Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection.

Russian émigré artist Andrei Bicenko puts the finishing touches on the altar fresco at St. Theodosius, 1954.

From the personal collection of Pietro A. Shakarian.

Members of the St. Theodosius Church Choir, under the direction of A. P. Glagolev, 2 November 1933.

Cleveland photographers with Cleveland Indians manager Steve O'Neill (left) and legendary Cleveland player Stan Coveleski (right)

Cleveland Memory

Legendary Cleveland Indians player Stan Coveleski (right), kneels with Indians manager Steve O'Neill (left) and photographers, c. 1946-1950.

A black and white photo of Stella Walsh with short, curly hair and a white coat kneeling in a sprinter's starting position

Western Reserve Historical Society

Stella Walsh in 1937.

Stephanie Tubbs Jones in a red shirt, sitting in front of an American flag.

U.S. House of Representatives

Still image from the film "The Plow That Broke the Plains"

International Documentary Association

Still from "The Plow That Broke the Plains"

WRHS

The Stribling and Schmeling heavyweight championship boxing match, July 3, 1931.

Cover of the book "The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History"

A group of newsboys with one kid holding a bike

County Coroner Samuel Gerber and Cleveland Police detectives search among the rocks of the lakefront for remains of victims of the Torso Murderer, 1938. CPL.

Construction on the Terminal Tower, Aug. 1927. Courtesy of Tower City Archives.

The ironwork for the Terminal Tower is complete and stone façade reaches nearly two-thirds of the way to the top in this construction image taken in Aug. 1927. Courtesy of Tower City Archives.

A large crowd watches an indoor balloon release at the grand opening of 'The Avenue' at Tower City Center, March 1990. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

Forklift testing at Towmoter Corp., Aug. 1942. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

A fork lift is tested for load capacity outside the Towmoter Corp. plant in Aug. 1942. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Map of ground transportation routes in Cuyahoga County, 1860.

Map of ground transportation routes in Cuyahoga County, 1910.

Map of ground transportation routes in Cuyahoga County, 1995.

Members of Troop A patrol the Mexican Border, ca. 1916. WRHS.

Members of Troop A patrol the Mexican Border on horseback, ca. 1916. WRHS.

An Ohio Story TV episode set. Nelson Olmstead sits on an antique car in front of a screen projecting the outdoor background.

Cinecraft Productions Collection at the Hagley Museum and Library

An Ohio Story TV episode set. Nelson Olmsted is sitting in the antique car in front of a screen projecting the outdoor background. Ray Culley is in the director's chair. Stu Buchanan, the producer, is sitting to Ray's right.

Cleveland Public Library

A stereograph of the third Cuyahoga County Jail, with a portion of the Court House visible at the right.

Katie Kuckelheim

Cleveland script sign in Tremont with the Cleveland skyline in the background. Picture taken on May 2, 2020.

Production photograph from the set of "From Now On," a Tri-State Motion Pictures sponsored film from 1937

Hagley Museum and Library

The Tri-State film, "From Now On" (1937), was filmed in Hollywood and Cleveland and featured General Electric consumer products in a romantic tale. Irvin S. Cobb, standing with a cigar in his hand in the photo, was the first big name Hollywood star to be grabbed off by the expanding sponsored film industry.

A Proposed Design for the New Union Terminal, ca. 1919. WRHS.

This postcard shows the initial “tower-less” design for the New Union Terminal, ca. 1919. WRHS.

This image, taken from above the railroad tracks shows the Union Depot, Cleveland's second railroad terminal, on the lakefront, ca. 1866. WRHS.

Mason A. Hargrave, Pres. of the Marcus Garvey Foundation, places the African national flag in the City Hall Rotunda to commemorate the Universal Negro Improvement Association, 10 Feb. 1984. CPL.

Map of City of Cleveland Electric Railways, 1900.

The U.S. Marine Hospital at Lakeside and E. 9th St., 1915. WRHS.

Trees and lawns surround the U.S. Marine Hospital at the northwest corner of Lakeside and E. 9th St. in this 1915 image. WRHS.

The second Union Club of Cleveland Building at E. 12th St. and Euclid Ave, early 1900s

WRHS

Union Club of Cleveland, second building, at E. 12th St. and Euclid Ave

The construction of the Detroit-Superior (Veterans

The ironwork for the main span of the Detroit-Superior (Veterans' Memorial) High-Level Bridge in this image taken on 1 Nov. 1915. WRHS.

Demonstrators along Euclid Ave. on the campus of CWRU protest U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia, 1970. CWRU Archives.

Student demonstrators block Euclid Ave at Adelbert Road on the campus of CWRU in protest U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia on May 4, 1970. CWRU Archives.

Cleveland Memory

A victory garden at the Mall in downtown Cleveland

View of Cleveland from the promenade on top of the Kentucky Street Reservoir, ca. 1872. WRHS

Women and children and family walk along the promenade on top of the Kentucky Street Reservoir, ca. 1872. WRHS.

Vita-Mix Corporation

William “Papa” Barnard in one of the first TV infomercials. Ray Culley, the film’s director, is in the left foreground. Chris Hofstetter, a Cinecraft employee, is on the right.

An elevation drawing of the pylons for the Lorain-Carnegie (Hope Memorial) Bridge, ca. 1929, designed by Walker and Weeks. WRHS.

These circa 1929 elevation drawings depict one of the four Guardians of Transportation pylons designed by Walker and Weeks for the Lorain-Carnegie (Hope Memorial) Bridge. WRHS.

An interior view of the Turret Lathe Assembly Department at Warner & Swasey Co., ca. 1912. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Workers populate the shop floor in this interior view of the Turret Lathe Assembly Department at Warner & Swasey Co., ca. 1912. Cleveland Press Collection, CSU Archives.

Map of Water and Sewage Treatment Facilities in Cuyahoga County.

Garrett Morgan rescues a victim of the Waterworks Tunnel Disaster, July 1916. WRHS.

Horse drawn wagons and automobiles can be seen in this image of the Weideman Building, on W. 9th St. near Lakeside Ave., ca. 1920. (CPL).

A postcard illustration of the boardwalk of White City Amusement Park, ca. 1900s. WRHS.

A crowd of well-dressed men and women walk along boardwalk in this postcard illustration the White City Amusement Park, ca. 1900s. WRHS.

Workers assemble half-trac combat vehicles at the White Motor Co. Plant, 1941. CPL.

The Williamson Building on Public Square, ca. 1920s. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

Horse-drawn wagons and pedestrians fill the streets in this image of the Williamson Building on Public Square, ca. 1910. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

Members of the Wings Over Jordan Choir, wear military-style uniforms and stand in the “V for Victory” formation in this early 1940s image. WRHS.

The Wings Over Jordan Choir, ca. 1940s. WRHS.

Members of the Wings Over Jordan Choir, wear military-style uniforms and stand in the “V for Victory” formation in this early 1940s image. WRHS.

An 1899 Winton buggy. Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum, WRHS.

A brand new 1899 Winton automobile stands on a muddy road outside the Winton factory. Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum, WRHS.

The Workers Olympiad, held in Cleveland in 1936, protested the Olympic Games held in Nazi Germany and the capitalist control of sports in the United States. WRHS.

This poster promotes the Workers Olympiad, which was held in Cleveland in 1936 as a protest of the Olympic Games held in Nazi Germany and the capitalist control of sports in the United States. WRHS.

Crowds surround an allied tank on exhibit during a World War I Liberty Loan drive on Public Square, July 1918. WRHS.

War Services Center on Public Square, ca. 1943. CPL.

The War Services Center occupies a temporary structure on the northwest quadrant of Public Square while pedestrians and pigeons populate the surrounding area circa 1943. CPL.