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Muscle Histology.
Tissue Damage. Area of damage in the muscle cross-sections relative to pulse type and charge/current density.
(Blue circle) There was no difference between the damaged areas for monophasic and biphasic pulses in this region
These data indicate that damage to muscle tissue is related to the average charge injected into the electrode per second per unit area.
Mortimer, J.T., Kaufman, D., Roessmann, U. (l980) "Coiled Wire Intramuscular Electrode: Tissue Damage," Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 8, p.235-244.