LYNCHING can be defined as informal, violent mob justice with the intent to publicly execute someone for a supposed crime, real or imagined.
The MAJESTIC HOTEL was the largest hotel in Cleveland that catered to AFRICAN AMERICANS and, in its last 23 years, the largest black-owned hotel in Ohio. Opened 1907 as Majestic Apartments, the 5-story, 250-unit brick building at 2291 E.
MALVIN, JOHN (1795-30 July 1880), leader of Cleveland's black community who worked at various times as a cook, sawmill operator, carpenter and joiner, and canal-boat captain, and was a licensed and ordained Baptist preacher, was born in Dumfries, Prince William County, Va. to a slave father and free mother, making him free under the Slave Code.
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., VISITS TO CLEVELAND, which occurred frequently during his career as a civil-rights leader in the 1960s, raised funds for organizations such as the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), urged voter registration and participation, and bolstered the local nonviolent civil-rights movement. Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., first visited Cleveland on 7 Aug.
MARTIN, MARY BROWN (31 May, 1877 – 19 Nov. 1939), the first Black woman elected to the Cleveland Board of Education, was born in Raleigh, N.C. to Winfield Scott and Jane (Curtis) Brown, both former slaves.
The MAYORAL ADMINISTRATION OF CARL B. STOKES (1967-1971) was marked by progress, controversy, and the unrest prevalent in many urban areas of the U.S. Stokes, a graduate of CLEVELAND MARSHALL LAW SCHOOL, was admitted to the Ohio Bar in 1957 and served as an asst. prosecutor in the city's law department for 4 years.
The 1969 MCDONALD'S BOYCOTT was a late Civil Rights era protest aiming to win Black Ownership of ‘Inner-City’ McDonald’s franchises, then a rapidly-growing business. The Boycott lasted nearly 2 months, and was an important event that encapsulated the shift from the politics of the Civil Rights Movement to the era of Black Power.
MCGHEE, NORMAN L. SR. (20 Nov. 1897-20 July 1979) was the first African-American, licensed stock dealer in the Midwest and founded the first black-owned brokerage firm in the nation. He was born in Austell, Ga. to college-trained parents, schoolteacher Maidee (Haywood) and AME minister Daniel McGhee. McGhee worked as a railway porter to earn his way to Howard University.
MIMS, A. GRACE LEE (17 July 17 1930 – 3 October 2019) was an educator, a musician, and an advocate for African-American culture. She was born in Snow Hill, Alabama, to Arnold Wadsworth and Alberta Grace (Edwards) Lee. Hers was a musical family. Her father, a band director, played the cornet; her mother was a classically trained pianist. In the 1970s, A.
MITCHELL, L. PEARL (June 1883-6 Sept. 1974), civil-rights activist, was born in Wilberforce, Ohio to Amanda M. and Dr. Samuel T. Mitchell, president of Wilberforce College, from which she received a bachelor's degree.
MOORE, GEORGE ANTHONY (8 Feb. 1914 - 28 Feb. 1997) was a pioneer for African-American employment in the fields of daily metropolitan newspapers as well as in television. The Cleveland native was the son of Sylvester and Marie Moore, a laborer and domestic worker, respectively. He was enrolled at ST.
MORGAN, GARRETT A. (4 Mar. 1877 [sometimes given as 1879]-27 July 1963), was an important inventor and businessman active in the affairs of Cleveland's AFRICAN AMERICAN community.
MORRISON, TONI (18th Feb. 1931 - 5th Aug. 2019) was a renowned and award-winning American author and professor. Morrison wrote extensively about the plight of African Americans and Black people, focusing on the Black female experience.
Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18th, 1931 in Lorain, Ohio, to George and Ramah Willis Wofford. Morrison was the second youngest of four siblings.
MYERS, GEORGE A. (5 Mar. 1859-17 Jan. 1930), an African American politician and leader, was born in Baltimore, Md. to Isaac and Emma V. (Morgan) Meyers. He became a barber, arrived in Cleveland in 1879, and worked at Weddell House Barber Shop.
The NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (NAACP), Cleveland Branch, is an interracial organization formed to fight discrimination against AFRICAN AMERICANS. It was established 12 Dec. 1912, 3 years after the creation of the national organization.
The NATIONAL CONVENTION OF BLACK FREEMEN was a 3-day conference that began in Cleveland on 6 Sept. 1848. Presided over by Frederick Douglass, the convention brought together 50-70 free black leaders (see AFRICAN AMERICANS) from the Old Northwest and Canada, including WILLIAM H.
The NATIONAL EMIGRATION CONVENTION OF COLORED PEOPLE, led by early African American nationalist Martin R. Delany, was held in Cleveland from 24-26 Aug. 1854. It was called to discuss the merits of emigration and develop a practical plan for AFRICAN AMERICANS in the U.S. to emigrate to the West Indies or Central or South America.
NEWSOME, CARMAN SUMNER (21 Jun 1912 - 17 Jul 1974), teenage cowboy, movie star of the late 1930s, musician, and leader of a prominent Cleveland jazz band, was born in Stafford, Kansas.
NORTH BROADWAY is a southeast Cleveland neighborhood and Statistical Planning Area (SPA). Previously (and still periodically) referred to as Kinsman, its borders are, roughly, I-77 on the west, Union Ave. on the south, E. 79th St. on the east and an irregular line on the north that runs south of, but parallel to, Kinsman Ave.
OAKWOOD, one of the smaller communities in Cuyahoga County, was originally part of Bedford Twp. and incorporated as a village in 1951. Occupying 3.45 sq.
OLIVET INSTITUTIONAL BAPTIST CHURCH, one of the largest AFRICAN AMERICAN congregations in Cleveland, was established by a group of former members of Triedstone Baptist Church who gathered for worship in a small building on Quincy Avenue on 12 February 1931. The new church, known as the New Light Baptist Church, held its first services on 16 February, with Rev. C.
OUR LADY OF THE BLESSED SACRAMENT PARISH, established on April 11, 1922, was the first AFRICAN-AMERICAN parish in the Diocese of Cleveland.
OWENS, JESSE (12 September 1913-31 March 1980), was a world record setting track-and-field athlete during the 1930s. In 1950 sportswriters voted him as the world's top track star of the century. Born on a tenant farm in Oakville, Alabama, to Henry and Emma Alexander Owens, Jesse migrated with his family to Cleveland in 1922.
PAYNE, LAWRENCE O. (11 Oct. 1892-26 Sept. 1959), black lawyer and politician who moved from traditional Republican support to an independent stance, was born in Columbus, Ohio, son of Robert and Madaline (Wittington) Payne. During WORLD WAR I he served in the Army in France and came to Cleveland after the war.
PEAKE, GEORGE (1722-Sep. 1827)—last name sometimes spelled Peek or Peak—the first AFRICAN AMERICAN to settle permanently in Cleveland and something of an inventor, developing a new hand mill for grinding grain, was a native of Maryland and former resident of Pennsylvania. Peake came to Cleveland with his wife and 2 sons in Apr. 1809.
