The CLEVELAND ASSEMBLY OF 1855, convened 17-20 Oct. at the Masonic Hall, was the first and last general synod of American Jewish religious and lay leaders. The meeting resulted in a prayerbook but did not succeed in uniting American Jewry. By 1855 the approx. 110 U.S. Jewish congregations followed various religious rituals, including Orthodox, traditional (Historical School) and moderate Reform, and radical Reform.
CLEVELAND ASSOCIATED CHARITIES. See CENTER FOR HUMAN SERVICES and ASSOCIATED CHARITIES.
The CLEVELAND ASSOCIATION OF COLORED MEN was organized in June 1908 by black business and professional men to improve economic and social conditions for their race. It grew out of a smaller, more elite organization called the Cleveland Board of Trade (est. 1905), an affiliate of Booker T. Washington's National Negro Business League.
The CLEVELAND ATHLETIC CLUB, a private club catering to individuals interested in athletics, was established on 1 Feb. 1908. It was the second club in the city to bear the name. An earlier Cleveland Athletic Club established headquarters at 927 Euclid Ave. in 1886 and in 1891 moved to a new clubhouse and gymnasium located at 560 Euclid.
CLEVELAND AUTOMOBILE CLUB. See OHIO MOTORISTS ASSN.
CLEVELAND BALLET refers to three ballet companies in the city’s history. The first Cleveland Ballet (alternatively known as the Popeloff Ballet) was incorporated in 1935 by RUSSIAN émigré dancer Sergei Popeloff and became inactive in 1942.
The CLEVELAND BAPTIST ASSN. began in 1832 as the Rocky River Baptist Assn., a cooperative body for area Baptist churches, and evolved into the local official voice of the American Baptist Convention. Although the Baptist religion shuns hierarchy, area Baptist churches realized a need for fellowship and help in solving problems of doctrine, finance, and pastor selection, especially for small, newly founded parishes.
The CLEVELAND BAPTIST MISSION SOCIETY was formed to evangelize the poor and unchurched in Cleveland in 1869. Begun as the Cleveland Baptist Union, it established missions that later became full-fledged churches and set up Sunday schools to promote religious principles. In 1920 the society merged with the CLEVELAND BAPTIST ASSN.
The CLEVELAND BAR ASSN. (CBA) was founded on 22 Mar. 1873 at an organizational meeting led by John W. Heisley and SAMUEL E. WILLIAMSON and attended by 51 other lawyers. SHERLOCK J. ANDREWS was elected president; John W. Heisley, James Mason, and John C. Grannis, vice-presidents; Virgil P. Kline, recording secretary; Lyman R.
The CLEVELAND BARONS, charter members of the American Hockey League in 1936, won 9 regular season titles and 8 Calder Cup playoff championships. The team that eventually evolved into the Cleveland Barons was organized by retired Canadian goalie Harry Holmes in 1929 as the Cleveland Indians of the Intl. League.
The CLEVELAND BEARS were a Negro League baseball team in 1939 and 1940 and were members of the Negro American League. This league was formed in 1937 and held the western Negro League teams; it lasted in some form until 1960. Even though the Bears did not survive beyond the 1940 season, they managed a .500 record for both of their seasons in the league.
The CLEVELAND BEAUTIFUL COMMITTEE (CBC) was founded in 1971 by Samuel Abrams to focus attention on the beautification of downtown Cleveland. The Cleveland Beautiful Committee instituted an annual awards program to recognize businesses, hospitals, hotels, and inner city residences for their landscaping efforts. This program lasted into the late 1980s.
The CLEVELAND BIBLE SOCIETY was a mid-19th century organization that aimed to provide morally needy Clevelanders with copies of the Bible, and generally to promote Christianity and an orderly society through missionary work. A branch of the American Bible Society (est.
The CLEVELAND BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION was established in Oct. 1992 to coordinate the civic celebration of the 200th anniversary of MOSES CLEAVELAND's arrival at the mouth of the CUYAHOGA RIVER on 22 July 1796. Appointed by Cleveland mayor Michael R.
The CLEVELAND BICYCLE CLUB was the 22nd wheelmen's association to form in America. The club was created by a group of 6 avid bicyclists on the evening of 30 Sept. 1879, at a meeting in St. Malachi's Hall, which at the time was used for a riding school. In the following month membership increased to 14, and by 1882 active membership was up to 23.
The CLEVELAND BIG DATA MEETUP was founded in 2010 by Doug Meil. Doug was the founding engineer at EXPLORYS in 2009.
The CLEVELAND BLUE BOOK is a locally produced version of the New York SOCIAL REGISTER, which at one time also published a Cleveland edition. The Cleveland Blue Book actually antedated New York's list of the social elite, having first appeared ca. 1880 as the Cleveland Social Directory. Published by Mrs. M. B.
CLEVELAND BOARD OF ELECTIONS. See CUYAHOGA COUNTY BOARD OF ELECTIONS.
The CLEVELAND BOARD OF HEALTH was an appointed board of physicians and public officials who worked to improve SANITATION in Cleveland to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Between 1832-1910 it was abolished and restored several times as an independent city department.
The CLEVELAND BOTANICAL GARDEN, formerly known as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland, is the country's oldest civic garden center. Established on 4 Dec. 1930, it was originally located in a formerly abandoned boathouse at WADE PARK Lagoon.
The CLEVELAND BOYS' SCHOOL IN HUDSON, (the Hudson Boys' School), founded in 1903 as a school for orphaned and incorrigible boys, was located in a rural setting—one of the first of its kind in the country. In 1902, the Reverend HARRIS R. COOLEY, director of charities in the administration of Mayor TOM L.
The CLEVELAND BROWNS have historically been one of the most successful clubs in professional football history. From 1946 to 1983, they won 18 divisional titles, captured 8 league championships, and made the playoffs in 24 seasons. As of 2012, 16 Browns had been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame: Jim Brown, PAUL BROWN, Len Ford, F.
The CLEVELAND BROWNS were the city's second professional Negro League Baseball team that played in Rube Foster's Negro National League.
CLEVELAND BROWNS STADIUM, erected on the same site as Cleveland Municipal Stadium, was completed in August 1999 - ensuring that Cleveland would be granted an expansion football team. Plans to build the stadium were quickly set into motion following Art Modell's announcement that he was moving the CLEVELAND BROWNS football team to Baltimore in November 1995.
The CLEVELAND BUCKEYES, the last of a number of Cleveland teams that played in the professional Negro baseball leagues, also were the best, playing in 2 Negro World Series and winning in 1945.
The CLEVELAND BUDDHIST TEMPLE, the only Buddhist "church" in Cleveland, was organized in 1944 to serve the needs of Japanese Buddhists who came or returned to Cleveland after the dismantling of the World War II relocation centers. The temple's purpose was to provide authentic Buddhist rites and rituals for those members who did not want to surrender their faith or traditions.
The CLEVELAND BULLDOGS, a professional football team in Cleveland in 1924-25, was one of several attempts to establish the pro sport in the city. The major force behind the Bulldogs was SAMUEL H. DEUTSCH, a jeweler who became president of his father's firm, Rudolph Deutsch & Co.
The CLEVELAND BUSINESS LEAGUE, a business association for minorities, traces its origins back to the Cleveland Businessmen's Assn., which was founded in 1925 by HERBERT CHAUNCEY. This organization continued until the formation of the Progressive Business Alliance in Feb. 1939.
The CLEVELAND CALL & POST rose from somewhat obscure origins to become long Cleveland's major African American newspaper. It was created from the 1927 merger of 2 struggling weeklies, the Call and the Post. The Call was founded ca. 1920 by a group that included local inventor GARRETT A. MORGAN.
The CLEVELAND CAVALIERS basketball team was organized by Nick Mileti and admitted to the National Basketball Assn. in 1970, along with the Buffalo Braves and the Portland Trail Blazers. With the league expansion, the Eastern and Western conferences were subdivided into 2 divisions with the Cavs part of the Central Division of the Eastern Conference.
CLEVELAND CENTENNIAL. See CLEVELAND ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS.
The CLEVELAND CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT was founded by Dr. ANNY KATAN, Dr. Robert A. Furman, and Eleanor Hosley in 1960; they pioneered instruction in child analysis for non-medical degree candidates.
The CLEVELAND CHAMBER MUSIC SOCIETY was organized to bring ensembles of the highest quality to Cleveland for chamber music performances. Organized in 1949 by a small group of individuals, in 1951 the Chamber Music Society received a bequest from Grover Higgins "for one thing only, the nurturing of chamber music in some form—its creation, its interpretation, its publication and its nourishment." Alan S.
CLEVELAND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. See
CLEVELAND CHAMBER SYMPHONY is a professional orchestra-in-residence at CLEVELAND STATE UNIV. devoted to the performance of new music, along with neglected masterworks of the past.
The CLEVELAND CHAPTER OF THE NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD is an organization of progressive lawyers, law students, and legal workers founded in 1937, the same year as the national organization. With 96 chapters (totaling 7,000 members) in the U.S., the guild was founded as a professional organization for lawyers who wished to break with the conservatism of other bar associations.
The CLEVELAND CHARGE are a professional basketball team in the NBA G League and an affiliate of the CLEVELAND CAVALIERS.
The CLEVELAND CHILD HEALTH ASSN. (CCHA), founded in 1929, was one of the most successful health and child-welfare programs in the U.S. for almost 20 years. Designed to educate women about maternal and child health, the CCHA embodied a growing national concern for high maternal and infant mortality rates. The CCHA belonged to the Welfare Fed. and was supported by the Community Fund. Dr.
The CLEVELAND CHILDREN'S MUSEUM is an educational facility aimed at a primary audience of children age 3-12. Its inspiration may be traced back to the first director of the CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF ART, FREDERIC A.
CLEVELAND CHURCH FEDERATION. See INTERCHURCH COUNCIL OF GREATER CLEVELAND.
The CLEVELAND CINEMA CLUB was dedicated to raising the moral and artistic standards of the motion-picture industry. The first local organization of its kind in the country, the Cleveland Cinema Club was organized in 1917, mainly through the efforts of Bertelle M. Lyttle. Stimulus to organize such a club came from the "better films" movement then current in America.
The CLEVELAND CINEMATHEQUE provides a local venue for the showing of non-mainstream foreign and American films, as well as film series, retrospectives, and classics. Incorporated in Dec. 1984, it was founded by film buffs John Ewing, George Gund, and Ron Holloway. Under the direction of Ewing and the co-sponsorship of the CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV.
The CLEVELAND CITIZEN began a career on 31 Jan. 1891 that eventually made it "America's oldest labor paper." It was founded on $30 capital by MAX S. HAYES and Henry C. Long, both members of the Cleveland Typographical Union No. 53.
CLEVELAND CITY COUNCIL grew in both size and responsibility to meet the needs of the expanding metropolis. Traditionally Cleveland has favored a large council to represent the interests of its diverse population. The community's legislative body began with 3 trustees chosen to make laws for the township (1802) and later for the village (1814).
CLEVELAND CITY GOVERNMENT. Cleveland's city government took its present shape in Jan. 1914 with implementation of a new Home Rule Charter (see HOME RULE) which increased the city's powers of self-government so that it could deal with modern, complex urban affairs.
CLEVELAND CITY HALL, dedicated in 1916, was the first such structure specifically built for and owned by the city. The earliest township government met in 1803 in a log cabin belonging to JAS. KINGSBURY. When the village was incorporated in 1815, a small frame building on Superior Ave. erected by Jas. Walworth was used as the village hall.
The CLEVELAND CITY RAILWAY CO., or Little Con(solidated), was formed during a period of consolidation among the streetcar lines. At the beginning of 1893, the city's 16 streetcar lines were controlled by five companies; by mid-year, the number of controlling companies had decreased to two. This was also the time when cable cars were being converted to trolley cars.
The CLEVELAND CITY TEMPERANCE SOCIETY was organized on 15 March 1836 at the OLD STONE CHURCH. Five gentlemen reformers met and pledged to form a society based upon the principles of total abstinence. According to the 16 March 1836 edition of the CLEVELAND WHIG, the meeting appointed a committee ". . .