The CLEVELAND CLEARINGHOUSE ASSN., a consortium of local banks, was one of the first organizations of its kind in the country. The association was formed on 28 Dec. 1858 by the officers of 5 commercial and 4 private banks, with TRUMAN P. HANDY as president. Headquarters were in the City Bank of Cleveland at 21 Superior St.
The CLEVELAND CLINIC DISASTER (also known as the CLINIC FIRE) occurred on 15 May 1929 and cost the lives of 123 people, but stimulated the development and enforcement of safety regulations in U.S. hospitals.
The CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION (incorporated February 5, 1921) is an independent, not-for-profit academic medical center engaged in patient care, research, and education. In 2005, it was the second-largest private medical group practice in America, including 1,400 physicians in 120 medical specialties and sub-specialties, serving more than a million patient visits a year.
The CLEVELAND COALITION OF LABOR UNION WOMEN (CLUW), chartered 22 Sept. 1974, is not a union but rather a chapter of a national organization of WOMEN and men unionists which advocates for women workers within the framework of affiliated unions. It is considered to be one of the national organization's most active chapters. The national organization was founded in Chicago in Mar. 1974.
The CLEVELAND COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION, organized in 1952 and reorganized in 1954 and 1956, was the driving force behind the creation of CUYAHOGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE (CCC) and has coordinated HIGHER EDUCATION communitywide.
The CLEVELAND COMMUNITY RELATIONS BOARD was created by the city council in March 1945 to improve relations among the racial and cultural groups within the community and to help ameliorate conditions which strained those relationships.
CLEVELAND COMMUNITY SAVINGS (formerly the Quincy Savings & Loan Co.) became the 19th largest black-owned savings and loan in the country. In 1954 insurance man MELCHISEDECH C. CLARKE raised $185,000 from the black community to buy the assets of a Czech savings institution and established Quincy Savings & Loan.
The CLEVELAND COMPETITORS (JAYBIRDS), 1977-1980, was Cleveland's first and only pro softball team. Organized by Don Rardin and Jay Friedman in 1977, the Cleveland Jaybirds joined the new 10-member American Professional Slo-Pitch League (APSPL). Attendance was poor the first 2 years of operation, and the owners sold out to Ted Stepien.
The CLEVELAND COMPOSERS' GUILD, one of the oldest continuously operating composers' groups in the U.S., evolved from the activities of the Manuscript Section of the FORTNIGHTLY MUSICAL CLUB. The club had been recognizing the importance of the work of Cleveland composers as early as 1912, when compositions by JAS. H.
CLEVELAND CONGRESS OF MOTHERS. See CLEVELAND COUNCIL OF PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS.
The CLEVELAND CONVENTION (31 May 1864) brought together a group of Republicans critical of Pres. Lincoln's conduct of the war who met in order to form a new political party and nominate a rival candidate to run against him in the 1864 election. About 200-300 delegates representing 10 states met at Chapin Hall in Cleveland, and established the new Radical Democracy party. John C.
The CLEVELAND COUNCIL OF PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS (PTAs) was organized in Apr. 1902 at FIRST PRESBYTERIAN OLD STONE CHURCH as the Cleveland Congress of Mothers. The local organization was affiliated with the Ohio Congress of Mothers, formed in 1901 at the convention of the National Congress of Mothers in Columbus. Louisa (Mrs.
The CLEVELAND COUNCIL ON SOVIET ANTI-SEMITISM, a grassroots organization, educated about the plight of Soviet Jews from 1963 until 1983, and, as the first such group in the world, spawned other local councils and a national organization. Jews living on Cleveland's west side, including Louis Rosenblum, Herbert Caron, and Abe Silverstein, created the council.
The CLEVELAND COUNCIL ON WORLD AFFAIRS is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization with a membership of about 1,000 in 1995 that seeks to educate the public in foreign affairs. The council's origin dates from 11 Nov.
The CLEVELAND CRUNCH soccer team officially replaced the CLEVELAND FORCE in the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) 22 Feb. 1989, after Akron stockbroker George Hoffman failed to reach an agreement with Bart and Scott Wolstein to buy the Force.
The CLEVELAND CRUSADERS represented Cleveland in the short-lived World Hockey Assn. between 1972-76. For 4 years the Crusaders brought major-league hockey to the Cleveland area. After purchasing the CLEVELAND BARONS of the American Hockey League in 1968, Nick Mileti attempted to buy a franchise in the National Hockey League.
The CLEVELAND CUBS were a Negro League baseball team in Cleveland in 1931 and 1932. Even though they were hampered by disarray in the Negro Leagues and the crumbling economy, the Cubs managed the best record for a pre-World War II Cleveland Negro League team at 29 wins and 24 losses in 1931. The team played a great deal of its games at Kinsman Hardware Field, a small venue that only held a few thousand fans.
The CLEVELAND CULTURAL COALITION, an umbrella organization for arts organizations, was founded in 1987 with grants from local foundations and the National Endowment for the Arts. Harriet Wadsworth, the first director, served from 1987-93. The organization was then known as the Cleveland Arts Consortium and focused on increasing audiences for member organizations, marketing the arts, and a discount ticket program.
The CLEVELAND CULTURAL GARDENS are a series of landscaped gardens honoring the various ethnic communities of Cleveland, extending from Lake Erie to UNIVERSITY CIRCLE along East Blvd. and Martin Luther King, Jr.
The CLEVELAND DAILY ARGUS, an evening daily, made its first appearance on 3 Mar. 1885. Priced at $.01, it was an attempt to test the market for a working-class paper with Republican leanings. As such, it advocated high tariffs and sound currency, while offering free want ads to the unemployed and calling for municipal supervision of the retail weighing of coal.
The CLEVELAND DAILY GAZETTE was an expanded version of the semiweekly edition of L. L. Rice's CLEVELAND WHIG. The paper made its first appearance in May 1836. It replaced the semiweekly Whig, although Rice, largely using material from the Daily Gazette, continued publication of the weekly Whig from the same office.
The CLEVELAND DAILY REVIEW briefly provided the city with its first Sunday newspaper. After 2 months of publication in a prototype 2-page format, it reappeared permanently on 29 Aug. 1857 as a 6-day penny daily of 4 5-column pages. Published by Edward A. Munson & Co., the paper listed Geo. Spear and Henry Newcomb Johnson with Munson as coeditors.
The CLEVELAND DAY NURSERY AND FREE KINDERGARTEN ASSN., INC., in 1894 promoted child-development programs that were eventually incorporated into the CLEVELAND PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The CLEVELAND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION was established in 1954 by local business leaders to assist urban-renewal and slum clearance efforts. It provided financial and planning assistance for a number of project in the 1950s and 1960s. Inspired by the work of Pittsburgh's Allegheny Conference on Community Development, John C. Virden of the Federal Reserve Bank, Elmer Lindseth of CEI, and Thomas F.
The CLEVELAND DIESEL ENGINE DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS CORP., a leading research facility in the development of diesel engines, began operation in Nov. 1912 as the Winton Gas Engine & Mfg. Co. at 2116 W. 106th St.
The CLEVELAND DIETETIC ASSOCIATION is dedicated to raising the professional standards of Cleveland-area dietitians, and educating the public on healthier eating habits. Lula Graves, supervisor of dietians at Lakeside Hospital, formed the Association in 1915. Its initial purpose was to promote the employment of trained dietitians in area hospitals.
The CLEVELAND DISCIPLES UNION was formed in Aug. 1887 to promote the cause of the Disciples of Christ church in Cleveland. Spurred on by the BAPTISTS, who had been organized for half a century, the Disciples first met at the FRANKLIN CIRCLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. With 1,100 initial members, the union grew to 30,000 within 5 years.
The CLEVELAND EDITION emerged as Cleveland's chief alternative newspaper during the decade following the death of the CLEVELAND PRESS. Co-founded by Bill Gunlocke, a former teacher from western New York, and Rikki Santer, a Cleveland native who served as managing editor, the free weekly tabloid made its first appearance on 31 Aug.
The CLEVELAND ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING CO., now (2020) one of ten electric utility companies owned by Akron-based FirstEnergy Corp., was organized on 29 Sept. 1892 as the Cleveland General Electric Co.—the product of a merger between Brush Electric Light & Power Co. and the Cleveland Electric Light Co.
The CLEVELAND ELECTRIC RAILWAY CO., known as Big Con(solidated), was created by a merger of the East Cleveland, Broadway & Newburgh, Brooklyn, and South Side railway companies on 15 May 1893. On 29 May the Cleveland City Cable Co. and the Woodland Ave. & West Side St. Railway Co. merged to form the rival Cleveland City Railway Co., or Little Con(solidated), leaving Cleveland with only 2 local transit companies.
The CLEVELAND ELITES were the city's representative in baseball's Negro National League for the 1926 season. Owned by Sam Shepard and managed by "Candy" Jim Taylor and Frank Duncan, the team folded by the end of the year with an abysmal 6-38 record. The Elites played their home games at Hooper Field.
The CLEVELAND ENGINEERING SOCIETY, founded in 1880 as the Civil Engineers' Club, soon broadened both the membership and the goals of the organization to include representation from all branches of engineering.
The CLEVELAND EYE BANK serves northeast Ohio by retrieving, evaluating, and distributing donated eye tissue for transplantation, research, and teaching. It is funded through processing fees, private donations, grants, and gifts. In its forty-seven-year history, the Eye Bank has provided nearly 15,000 corneas for transplants and approximately 12,500 eyes for teaching and research.
The CLEVELAND FASHION INSTITUTE was a short-lived attempt to promote the Cleveland GARMENT INDUSTRY. Although it lasted only 2 years, 1938-40 according to city directories, the institute focused attention on what was then a $50 million industry. The CFI amalgamated 34 manufacturers and wholesalers who wished to attract retail buyers to Cleveland.
The CLEVELAND FEDERATION OF LABOR, the craft wing of the Cleveland AFL-CIO, was the first successful coalition of tradesmen in the city. Chartered by the American Federation of Labor in 1887, the organization was called the Central Labor Union (CLU).
The CLEVELAND FEDERATION OF MUSICIANS, Local No. 4, one of the city's oldest labor unions, had its origins as the Musicians' Mutual Protective Assn., founded 4 Dec. 1877. In 1895 the association joined the American Federation of Musicians and became Local No. 4. A division between black and white musicians in 1910 resulted in the formation of the black musicians' own Local No. 550 of the American Federation.
The CLEVELAND FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM, inc. 3 Apr. 1837, was apparently a short-lived attempt to help orphaned young girls. It was established by a group of about 13 women from Trinity Church, including Laura Willey, Martha Kendall, and Sophia K. Ford, but its method of operation and length of existence are unclear.
The CLEVELAND FEMALE SEMINARY, a boarding and day school for girls, was a forerunner of colleges for women. Founded by Rev. Eli N. Sawtell, the seminary opened on 3 May 1854 (an earlier enterprise by the same name had been established in Apr. 1837). Rev.
The CLEVELAND FILM EXCHANGE BUILDING at 2100-2112 Payne Ave., on the southeast corner of Payne Ave. and East 21st St., was built in 1920. When films were viewed on nickelodeons and when the movies shown in cinemas were silent, film studios sold their movies sight unseen. Sold films were not returnable or refundable.
The CLEVELAND FIRE DEPARTMENT evolved from the village's first firefighting organization, the Live Oaks No. 1 volunteer fire association, organized in 1829. Its equipment, obtained in 1833, was a hand-operated fire engine—an improvement over the cisterns and buckets used prior to that time. The city's first regularly organized firefighting company followed in 1834, when the volunteer company Eagle No. 1 was established.
The CLEVELAND FOLK ARTS ASSN. was formed in 1950 by the 24 nationality groups that organized the first annual Cleveland Folk Arts Festival on 28 Jan. 1950 at the Music Hall. The purpose of the association was "to gather and disseminate information through the media of arts and literature what each nationality, racial and cultural group had contributed and is contributing to the U.S.
THE CLEVELAND FOOD CO-OP was established in 1968 by a small group of neighbors in the HESSLER ROAD community. Lacking a local supply of fresh fruits and vegetables in the University Circle area, the five households pooled their money and organized regular outings to the Cleveland Food Terminal to purchase produce in bulk.
The CLEVELAND FORCE SOCCER TEAM, a successful franchise from 1978-88, responded to increased interest in the sport by joining the newly formed Major Indoor Soccer League, which played a modified version of the outdoor game.
The CLEVELAND FOREIGN CONSULAR CORPS, formed in 1925, is a group of men and women selected by various foreign governments to serve as nonpolitical representatives of international diplomacy between the country they represent and the U.S.—particularly the Cleveland area.
The CLEVELAND FOUNDATION, the oldest and third largest community foundation in America, was established on January 2, 1914 by FREDERICK H. GOFF. Goff was concerned about wills and trust funds with no provision for changing circumstances.
The CLEVELAND FREE SCHOOL, or Colored Free School, was organized by a committee of black citizens who were concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for Cleveland's black children between 1832 and the early 1850s. The school, open intermittently during the period in several locations, also helped to educate adults whose education had been banned in southern states.
The CLEVELAND FREE TIMES emerged shortly after the demise of the CLEVELAND EDITION to become Cleveland's principal alternative newspaper. The weekly tabloid was launched on 30 Sept. 1992 by activist lawyer RICHARD H. SIEGEL. Edited originally by Ken Myers, the Free Times inherited many of the Edition's writers as well as its anti-establishment political stance.
The CLEVELAND FREEDMEN'S AID SOCIETY was one of several similarly named organizations that assisted, primarily in the South, the newly released slaves during and just after the Civil War.