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ERIEVIEW was an urban plan adopted by the City of Cleveland in 1960. Designed to eliminate much of the existing blight in the aging district northeast of the downtown, and to take advantage of federal urban-renewal funds, the project extended roughly from E. 6th to E. 17th Sts. and from Chester Ave. to the lakefront. The area west of 14th St.

ERNST & WHINNEY. See ERNST & YOUNG.

ERNST & YOUNG is an international accounting firm with more than 600 offices worldwide, including more than 100 offices in the U.S. One of the country's "Big 6" accounting firms, it traces its origins locally to the firm of Ernst & Ernst. In 1903 Alwyn C. and Theodore Ernst opened an accounting office in the Schofield Bldg. (E. 9th St. Tower).

ERNSTHAUSEN CHARITABLE FOUNDATION. See JOHN F. AND DORIS E. ERNSTHAUSEN CHARITABLE FOUNDATION.

ESCAR, INC., a Cleveland based sponsored film studio, incorporated in 1925, was the brainchild of E. S. (Ernest Swaim) Carpenter (1890-1970). The company name comes from Carpenter's initials and the first three letters of his last name.

ESPERANZA, INC., Motivating Hispanic Youth, is a youth organization founded in 1983 by a group of community leaders interested in the education of Hispanics. Originally known as the Cleveland Hispanic Scholarship Fund (CHSF), Esperanza promoted post-secondary education in the Hispanic community through "stay in school" and mentorship programs.

ESTONIANS. Estonia, situated on the northeastern shores of the Baltic Sea, became a republic in 1918 after winning independence from IMPERIAL RUSSIA.

ETHNIC AND RACE RELATIONS. In 1930 James C. Jones, the manager of a REAL ESTATE office in Cleveland, wrote to a representative of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., regarding the ALTA HOUSE property that Rockefeller owned in LITTLE ITALY.

ETHNIC LIBRARIES See LIBRARIES, ETHNIC

EUCLID, originally part of EUCLID TWP., incorporated as a village on 14 Feb. 1903 and as a city in 1930. In 1914 a portion of the village's western edge was annexed to Cleveland, reducing its size to 10 sq. mi.

EUCLID AVE. follows the historic Lake Shore Trail once plied by Native Americans. It was laid out by Cleveland village trustees in 1815 and surveyed the following year.

The EUCLID AVE. ASSN. was organized to promote, protect, and improve Euclid Ave. and adjacent streets from Public Square to the city limits. The association began as a subcommittee of the influential CHAMBER OF COMMERCE—CITY PLAN COMMISSION, a planning organization. The association itself was formed on 7 April 1920; its first president was H. P.

The EUCLID AVE. BAPTIST CHURCH (1846-1957), called "Mr. Rockefeller's church," originated in the spring of 1846 when a group of teachers from the FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH and several other churches organized the Cleveland Union Sabbath School. Miss Frances Twitt, one of the teachers, is considered the founder. The school first met in a building at Eagle St.

The EUCLID AVE. CHRISTIAN CHURCH, begun on 4 July 1843, became one of the city's largest DISCIPLES OF CHRIST congregations.

The EUCLID AVE. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, part of the United Church of Christ, organized as the First Presbyterian Church of EAST CLEVELAND in Nov. 1843 (a different entity than FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF EAST CLEVELAND, organized in 1807) and incorporated in 1847 with 62 members.

The EUCLID AVE. OPERA HOUSE was known as one of the finest theaters in the U.S. Located at the southeast corner of Euclid Ave. and Sheriff St., it was built in 1875 at a cost of $200,000 and described on its opening night (6 Sept. 1875) as elaborate, luxurious, and very beautiful. It was completely carpeted, with a painted dome and intricate plasterwork.

EUCLID BEACH PARK, one of the nation's best-known amusement centers, was located on the southern shore of Lake Erie at E. 156th St. and Nottingham Rd., about 8 mi. from PUBLIC SQUARE. The park, incorporated on 23 Oct.

The EUCLID BEACH PARK RIOT of 23 Aug. 1946 was one of a series of protests that summer against racial discrimination at EUCLID BEACH PARK, which had a long history of discrimination against African American patrons. Discrimination suits against the park can be traced back to 1899; by ca.

EUCLID CHEMICAL COMPANY, or Euco, has been a standard supplier of products for concrete and masonry construction for over one hundred years.   Euclid Chemical, currently a subsidiary of RPM International, started as Klein Building Products Company in 1910.  Klein supplied waterproofing agents and concrete additives to the construction industry.  Founder Jacob Klein sold the company to his business partner,

The EUCLID CLUB, the second club in Cleveland devoted solely to golf, opened 4 July 1900 on property in the Euclid Hts. area, extending east from the crest of Cedar Hill. Wilson B. Chisholm was its first president. A 9-hole course was laid out between Euclid Hts. Blvd. and Cedar Rd. by W. H.

EUCLID GENERAL HOSPITAL. See MERIDIA EUCLID HOSPITAL.

The EUCLID HEIGHTS ALLOTMENT is a 365 acre real estate subdivision in CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, formed at the summit of Cedar Hill in the 1890s by Patrick Calhoun for an elite clientele.

EUCLID HOSPITAL (formerly known as Parkwood Hospital, Glenville Hospital, Euclid-Glenville Hospital, Euclid General Hospital, and MERIDIA EUCLID HOSPITAL) was begun as a voluntary, nonprofit community hospital at 18901 Lakeshore Boulevard in EUCLID.

EUCLID NATIONAL BANK. See BANK ONE CLEVELAND NA.

EUCLID RAILROAD, a short line, in what is now EUCLID and SOUTH EUCLID, was incorporated on October 11, 1883.It began at a tie-in on the NICKEL PLATE RAILROAD tracks just north of Euclid Avenue and ran south approximately 1.45 miles to the QUARRIES

EUCLID TOWNSHIP, incorporated in 1809, originated from actions taken by Gen. MOSES CLEAVELAND several months after beginning the surveying of the Western Reserve.

EUCLID, INC., was one of the world's leading firms in the manufacture of off-highway, earthmoving, and hauling equipment. The company began in 1926 as part of the Euclid Crane & Hoist Co., a firm founded by Geo. Armington in 1909. In 1931 Armington's son, Arthur, took over a small shop adjoining Euclid Crane at 1368 Chardon Rd.

EUCLID GREEN is a small (1.1 sq. mi.) east-side Cleveland neighborhood and Statistical Planning Area (SPA). Shaped somewhat like an isosceles triangle, it is bordered roughly by Roseland Rd. on the northwest, Upper Valley Dr. near Green Rd. on the northeast, and Ivanhoe and Hillsborough Rds. on the south.

The EUROPEAN VISION OF AMERICA was the title given to an art exhibition sponsored jointly by the CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF ART, the Natl. Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, and the Reunion des Musees Nationaux France in celebration of the U.S. bicentennial in 1976.

The EVA L. AND JOSEPH M. BRUENING FOUNDATION, established in Cleveland in 1988 with the estates of Eva L. Bruening and her husband Joseph M. Bruening (founder of BEARINGS, INC.), quickly took its place among the nation's largest FOUNDATIONS. It was ranked as the 17th largest independent foundation in northeast Ohio by 1990.

EVANS, ARMEN G. (20 July 1895 - 12 September 1975) was an AFRICAN AMERICAN pediatrician and medical researcher and life-long Clevelander.

EVANS, FRED "AHMED" (1931-27 Feb. 1978) was convicted on seven counts of first-degree murder for his role in the GLENVILLE SHOOTOUT.

EVANS, WILLIAM GEORGE "BILLY (10 February 1884-23 January 1956) was a Hall of Fame umpire, sports writer and sports executive.

Evans was born in Chicago to John and Mary (Thomas) Evans. The family relocated to Youngstown when Evans was a child, when his father went to work for the Carnegie Steel mill there. As a youth, Evans was friends with the Warner brothers, who would go on to form the studio of the same name.

EWHA WOMANS UNIVERSITY (이화여자대학교)– located in Seoul, South Korea – was founded on 1886 May 31 by Mary F. Scranton. Ewha is the first university and graduate school for women in Korea. The private research university’s alumnae include Korea’s first woman doctor, lawyer, judge, and prime minister. 

The EXAMINER was a weekly Republican tabloid devoted to the principle of a protective tariff. Begun around 1885, it was taken over in 1892 by Thomas J. Rose, who instituted a forerunner of the modern gossip column under the heading "Somewhat Personal." Assuming a smaller magazine-style format, it probably failed to survive much beyond the issue of 8 Sept. 1894.

EXCELSIOR was a Jewish club established "for the purpose of establishing intimate friendly relations among ourselves, and to enjoy the advantages of an Association calculated to produce enlightened social and literary pleasure." Twenty-two men met on 20 Oct.

EXECUTIONS of convicted criminals sentenced to die were carried out at the local level in Ohio prior to 1885, when the state legislature moved all executions to the state penitentiary. Between 1812-85, 9 convicted murderers were executed by hanging in Cuyahoga County; the last execution occurred in 1879. The first execution in Cleveland was the only public hanging in the city.

EXPLORATIONS. The map Amerique Septentrionale, published by Nicholas Sanson in 1650, not only was the first to adequately show Lake Erie but also charted the southern shore with an accuracy unmatched for more than a century. Earlier French maps, from 1612-42, not only were vague and inaccurate but also were admittedly based on reports from Indians living farther north or east.

EXPLORYS was a healthcare informatics company in Cleveland, Ohio. It was founded officially in October 2009, via a deal with Cleveland Clinic Innovations. Explorys would eventually be acquired by IBM in April 2015 and become a part of IBM’s Watson Health division. Explorys became a casualty of Watson Health’s implosion in 2018.  

EXPOSITIONS. See FAIRS AND EXPOSITIONS.

The F. B. STEARNS CO. produced automobiles in Cleveland from 1898 until Dec. 1929. Frank B. Stearns and 2 partners—Ralph R. and Raymond M. Owen—established F. B. Stearns & Co. in a shop behind the Stearns family home at Euclid and Republic (E. 101st) St. in 1898. The company made about 50 2-cylinder, 4-passenger automobiles between 1898-1900.

The F. J. O'NEILL CHARITABLE CORP. was established in Cleveland in 1979 with funds donated by FRANCIS JOSEPH "STEVE" O'NEILL. In 1990 this foundation was ranked the 6th largest independent foundation in northeast Ohio. The F. J. O'Neill Charitable Corp.

FACTORY HOSPITALS appeared in the 1880s to treat emergency cases from Cleveland's industrial areas, but only a few such hospitals were actually attached to a specific factory. These were always larger companies engaged in the manufacture of metal products, usually with a high accident rate and without any emergency medical services nearby. The American Steel & Wire Co.

FADS AND FANCIES may be regarded as two sides of the same coin. The latter is defined as "imagination or inclination, especially as exercised in a capricious manner," while a fad is "a temporary fashion, manner of conduct, etc., especially one followed enthusiastically by a group." Fads, then, are individual fancies popularized, though few fancies reach the mass proportions of faddism.

FAIR HOUSING PROGRAMS developed in Cleveland in the 1960s and 1970s as a result of the civil-rights movement to promote open, nondiscriminatory housing and integration.