DUNBAR LIFE originated in 1936 as the Dunbar Mutual Insurance Society, named for Dayton, OH, poet Paul Laurence Dunbar. MELCHISEDECH C. CLARKE, an examiner for the state insurance department, was sent to Cleveland in 1935 to look into the precarious business affairs of local fraternal insurance societies.
DUNCAN, WILLIAM McKINLEY (19 May 1873-5 Sept. 1945) was a nationally known railroad executive with the WHEELING & LAKE ERIE RAILROAD Company for thirty years, and senior partner in the law firm of SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY.
The DUNHAM TAVERN, one of Cleveland's oldest buildings and a representative Colonial farmhouse of pioneer days, is still standing in its original location at 6709 Euclid Ave. Believed to be the first building constructed on Euclid east of E. 55th St., the tavern was originally the home of Rufus and Jane Pratt Dunham, a young couple who came to Cleveland between 1819-23 from Mansfield, MA.
DUNKLE, DAVID HOSBROOK (9 Sept. 1911-3 Jan. 1984) was an internationally known palentologist. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, he grew up in Indiana and attended the University of Kansas. After receiving his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1939, where he studied under famed paleontologist Alfred S.
DUNMORE, WALTER T. (15 July 1877-23 Jan. 1945), a noted law professor, was born in Cleveland to Thomas and Elizabeth (Wright) Dunmore. He grew up in Norwalk and graduated from Oberlin College with an A.B. (1900). From 1900-02, Dunmore clerked in the Norwalk probate court which lead to his enrollment in the Western Reserve University Law School where he earned his LL.B. (1904).
DUNN, DANIEL A. "DANNY" (17 Sept. 1884-17 Jan. 1968), noted Cleveland boxing trainer, promoter, and manager during the 1920s and 1930s, whose most famous boxer, JOHNNY RISKO, fought and defeated several heavyweight contenders, was born in New York City to Charles and Sarah (Sheady) Dunn.
DUPERTUIS, CLARENCE WESLEY (2 June 1907-5 Sept. 1992) was a prominent physical anthropologist who devoted his career to somatology (the study of body types), with an emphasis on investigations of possible relationships between physiques and susceptibility to disease. Son of Samuel and Myra (Kinney) Dupertuis, he was born in Yacolt, Washington, but spent much of his childhood in the Boston area.
DURDEN, EDWARD (5 Apr. 1932-6 Mar. 1993), civil rights activist, died as he lived, protesting injustice towards AFRICAN AMERICANS. He suffered a heart attack while criticizing George Forbes, president of the local NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED PEOPLE (NAACP).
DUSTAN, HARRIET PEARSON (1920- 27 June 1999) was a pioneering internal physician working out of Cleveland, Ohio. Dustan primarily focused on the prevention and mediation of hypertension and helped transform hypertension into a treatable disease. Additionally, Dustan helped pave the way for future female physicians and medical researchers throughout her career.
DUTCH. Only 161 Dutch-born people lived in Cuyahoga County in 1850, but the Dutch community reached 603 in 1870, with the peak reached in 1910 with 1,076, plus an estimated 5,000 persons of Dutch parentage or ancestry.
DYER, J. MILTON (22 April 1870-27 May 1957), a prominent architect who designed Cleveland's CLEVELAND CITY HALL (1916) on Lakeside Avenue, was born in Middletown, Pennsylvania, to Cyrus and Eliza Dyer. He moved with his family to Cleveland in 1881.
DYKSTRA, CLARENCE ADDISON (25 Feb. 1883-6 May 1950) was a political scientist who promoted the city manager form of government. Born in Cleveland to Lawrence and Margaret Barr Dykstra, he grew up in Chicago. Dykstra received a B.A. from the University of Iowa in 1903 and then held teaching positions at the University of Chicago, in Florida, at Ohio State (1908-09), and at the University of Kansas (1909-18).
The E. F. BOYD & SON FUNERAL HOME, INC., one of the oldest African American funeral homes in Cleveland, was founded by ELMER FRANKLIN BOYD in 1905. The following year he took in a partner, Lewis J. Dean, and their business was located at 2604 Central Ave. Dean left the business in 1911. The firm moved to 2276 E. 43rd in 1919; and to 2165 E.
The EAGLE-EYED NEWS-CATCHER began its short career on 29 Apr. 1841. Published by Gage Mortimer Shipper and David L. Wood, it was seemingly inspired by Benjamin Day's successful New York Sun (1833) in every respect but price, going for $.03 instead of Day's revolutionary penny. Like the Sun, it was printed in a 3-column format on a small page, approx. 9" x 12".
The EARLY SETTLERS ASSOCIATION OF THE WESTERN RESERVE is a voluntary organization of people who are interested in studying, preserving and commemorating the history of the Connecticut WESTERN RESERVE and early Cleveland.
EARNEST, G. (GEORGE) BROOKS (2 Oct. 1902-13 Sept. 1992), Dean of Engineering and President of Fenn College, oversaw the transfer of the school to the State of Ohio in order to form CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY.
EAST 4TH STREET (known as Sheriff St. until 1905) originally ran from EUCLID AVE. to Eagle Ave. The narrow artery has been central to the local economy of Cleveland for more than 150 years.
The EAST CLEVELAND CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH (United Church of Christ) existed from 1931-77 at 1813 Page Ave., at Euclid Ave. in EAST CLEVELAND.
The EAST CLEVELAND RAILWAY CO. was established on 6 August 1860, when company president Harry Stevens broke ground at Euclid and Willson (E. 55th St.) avenues. By 3 Sept. 3.39 miles of single track had been laid from Willson through Prospect to Bank (W. 6th) St., and horsecars began carrying passengers on the iron-strapped wooden rails. Fare was 5 cents.
The EAST CLEVELAND THEATER is committed to the furtherance of interracial cooperation and understanding, particularly through its practice of interracial, nontraditional casting. Founded by East Clevelanders Eugene and Chris Pace, the community theater made its debut with a 1-act play at East Cleveland Baptist Church in January 1968.
EAST CLEVELAND WELSH WOMEN'S CLUB. See BRITISH IMMIGRATION.
EAST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, located at the corner of EUCLID AVE. and Prospect (Shaw) Ave. in EAST CLEVELAND, organized in April 1900 from the merger of the Congregational Union of Cleveland, the Congregational City Missionary Society (1892), and the Free Congregational Church of Euclid.
The EAST END NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE was established in Cleveland in 1907 (inc. 1911) by Hedwig and Anna Kosbab, daughters of Josip Kosbab, a Hungarian immigrant. Located at 2749 Woodhill Rd., the settlement has served the BUCKEYE-WOODLAND-Woodhill community.
EAST MOUNT ZION BAPTIST CHURCH was the first AFRICAN AMERICAN church to hold services on EUCLID AVENUE. Known as the "Green Stone Church," it is a Cleveland landmark. Alexander Roberson, who came to Cleveland about 1890 from South Carolina, is credited with organizing the church.
The EAST OHIO GAS CO. has supplied natural gas to the Cleveland area since receiving a controversial franchise from the city in 1902. STANDARD OIL CO. established the East Ohio Gas Co. to pipe natural gas from its wells in West Virginia to Akron for use in lighting and heating homes and businesses there and along the pipeline route. Incorporated on 8 Sept.
The EAST OHIO GAS CO. EXPLOSION AND FIRE took place on Friday, 20 Oct. 1944, when a tank containing liquid natural gas equivalent to 90 million cubic feet exploded, setting off the most disastrous fire in Cleveland's history. Homes and businesses were engulfed by a tidal wave of fire in more than 1 sq. mi. of Cleveland's east side, bounded by St. Clair Ave. NE, E. 55th St., E.
EAST SIDE IRISH AMERICAN CLUB. See IRISH AMERICAN CLUB EAST SIDE.
EAST TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL, a comprehensive coeducational high school, was the first public trade school in the Greater Cleveland area. The new enterprise was one of only 5 technical high schools in the country when it opened as Technical High School on 5 Oct. 1908 in a brick building with Gothic facade at 2470 E. 55th St. East Tech, as it was called after 1910, was originally coeducational.
EASTER, LUSCIOUS "LUKE" (4 Aug. 1915-29 Mar. 1979), a 6'4", 240-lb. first baseman for the CLEVELAND INDIANS between 1949-54, was born in St. Louis, Mo. and was a softball player until signed by the Cincinnati Crescents of the Negro American League in 1946. During 1947-48, he was a member of the Homestead Grays.
EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCHES. There are many parallels between the beliefs of the Eastern Orthodox church and those of the Roman Catholic church, but there are also fundamental differences. Some of the beliefs and traditions unique to Eastern Orthodoxy help to explain both the role of the church in the life of Cleveland's Orthodox immigrants and the impact of American society on the churches.
EASTMAN, HARRY LLOYD (9 Apr. 1882-7 July 1963), judge of Cuyahoga County Insolvency & Juvenile Court from 1926-60, responsible for innovations that made the court a model for country during the 1940s, was born to Oliver H. and Clara (Bond) Eastman in Butler, Pa., but grew up in Findlay, Ohio. He became a photoengraver, inventing a "perfect ratio rule" measuring device for photoengravers.
EASTMAN, LINDA ANNE (7 July 1867-5 Apr. 1963) became in 1918 the first woman in the United States to head a metropolitan library system. She oversaw the construction of the main library on Superior Avenue in the 1920s and led the system through the darkest days of the Depression.
EASTON'S SONS, INC. See THOMAS W. EASTON'S SONS, INC.
The EATON CORP., a diversified industrial manufacturer which makes fluid power, electrical, automotive, and truck products, was founded as the Torbensen Gear & Axle Co. to make truck axles. Founded in 1911 by Viggo Torbensen, Joseph Oriel Eaton, and Eaton's brother-in-law, Henning O. Taube, the company moved from its original location in Bloomfield, New Jersey to Cleveland in 1915.
The EBERHARD MFG. CO. (DIV. OF EASTERN CO.) was one of the nation's largest producers of malleable iron wagon and carriage hardware and one of only a handful to survive the demise of the horse-drawn vehicle industry. Eberhard owed its existence to the Cleveland Malleable Iron Co.
ECKHARDT, EDRIS (28 Jan. 1905-27 April 1998), internationally known sculptor, ceramist, and enamelist, won a Guggenheim fellowship in 1956 for her rediscovery of the ancient Egyptian technique for making gold glass, which had been forgotten for 1,500 years. Eckhardt, whose birth name was Edythe Aline, was born in Cleveland to Herman W. Eckhardt, a plumber, and Rachel A. (Rice) Eckhardt.
ECONOMY. To those seeking to sell their own labor or to sell goods or services, from cornflakes to nails to open-heart surgery to major league baseball tickets, the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan region is a single market that includes not only the City of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County, but also the surrounding areas from Lorain in the west to Youngstown in the east to Canton in the south. At the 1990 U.S.
EDGEWATER is a neighborhood and Statistical Planning Area (SPA) on Cleveland’s west side. Edgewater is bounded by Lake Erie on the north, W. 85th St on the east, the CSX railroad tracks on the south, and W. 117th St. on the west.
EDGEWATER PARK, located along Lake Erie at the west end of MEMORIAL SHOREWAY (at W. 58th St.), was purchased in 1894 by the city's Second Park Board from Jacob B. Perkins, Cleveland industrialist. The land, consisting of 2 parcels, became Perkins Beach and Edgewater Park.
EDMONDSON, GEORGE MOUNTAIN (23 Aug. 1866-8 Nov. 1948), a portrait photographer, was born in Norwalk, Ohio, son of George William and Mary Jane (Mountain) Edmondson. He was educated in the public schools, and began at age 16 to study photography with his father, a well-known photographer.
EDUCATION. The early history of education in Cleveland paralleled developments in Ohio and America, since education was a state initiative and local efforts reflected those of the state. The immigration of the 1830s and 1840s aroused feelings of nationalism and patriotism. The Catholic population grew rapidly and provided for a separate system of education during the 19th century.
The EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF AMERICA was an independent, not-for-profit, nongovernmental research and development center located in the ROCKEFELLER BLDG. Originally known as the Educational Research Council of Greater Cleveland, it was founded in 1957-58 by Dr. Geo. H.
EDUCATIONAL TRUST was founded in Cleveland in 1952 by the RELIANCE ELECTRIC CO.
The EDWARD J. AND LOUISE E. MELLEN CENTER FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS TREATMENT AND RESEARCH was established at the CLEVELAND CLINIC in Feb. 1985 with the help of a $2 million gift from the Mellen Foundation.