The CLEVELAND WORLD TRADE ASSN., Intl. Division of the GREATER CLEVELAND GROWTH ASSN., was organized to perpetuate and expand international trade in the Greater Cleveland area, as well as to promote and implement foreign investments in northeast Ohio. Formed when the Cleveland Export-Import Assn.
The CLEVELAND WORSTED MILL CO. was one of the largest worsted mills in the country by 1920. The firm originally grew out of the family-owned Turner Worsted Mill, founded by Joseph Turner in 1878. When the Turner mill failed in 1893, KAUFMAN HAYS and Geo. H. Hodgson were called in to manage the firm. Oliver M.
The CLEVELAND WORSTED MILL STRIKE (22 Aug. 1955-18 Jan. 1956) was called by the newly formed local of the Textile Workers Union of America (CIO) at the company's main plant at 6114 Broadway—part of an ongoing effort to secure a contract and a $.07 1/ 2 per hr. wage increase.
The CLEVELAND WRITERS' CLUB was founded in 1886 as the Cleveland Woman's Press Club by 10 writers who felt the need for cooperation and association. It was the first of its kind in Ohio. Two prominent presswomen, Harriet Ellen Grannis Arey and Gertrude Van Rensselaer Wickham, helped to found the Cleveland club, Arey serving as its first president. Several of the other early presidents were Catherine H. T. (Mrs.
The CLEVELAND YACHTING CLUB, INC., originally organized in 1878 as the Cleveland Yachting Assn., was founded by GEO. W. GARDNER, a pioneer in yacht racing who also served as mayor of Cleveland. The original headquarters of the club were in the old Case Block at Superior and E. 3rd streets. T. H. Smead was elected the first commodore in 1878, followed by Gardner from 1879-94.
CLEVELAND ZOO. See CLEVELAND METROPARKS ZOO.
CLEVELAND, PAINESVILLE & ASHTABULA. See CLEVELAND, PAINESVILLE & EASTERN.
The CLEVELAND, PAINESVILLE & EASTERN (CP&E) was the primary interurban line carrying passengers east from Cleveland to Painesville. A subsidiary line, the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula, extended the route further east to Ashtabula, where passengers could transfer to other interurbans traveling to Erie, PA, and Buffalo, NY. The CP&E was chartered 25 April 1895, as part of the Everett-Moore syndicate.
The CLEVELAND, SOUTHWESTERN & COLUMBUS RAILWAY, the 2nd-largest interurban in the state at one time, connected Cleveland with Columbus to the south and Norwalk to the west. It originally was chartered in 1876 as a horsecar line known as the CLEVELAND & BEREA STREET RAILWAY, but it did not exercise its full franchise privileges.
CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC. is North America's largest supplier of iron-ore pellets to the steel industry and is the oldest iron-mining firm with headquarters in Cleveland. The company's origin dates to 9 Nov. 1847, when 15 Cleveland men interested in exploring the vast iron ore deposits on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan formed the Cleveland Iron Mining Co.
The CLEVELAND-CUYAHOGA COUNTY PORT AUTHORITY is the joint city-county board formed in 1968 to operate the Port of Cleveland. Although port authority proposals began circulating in the 1920s and 1930s, it wasn't until the 1950s that the Ohio general assembly authorized the creation of city, county, or joint city/county port authorities with the power to levy a voter-approved tax of up to .55 mill. Although the St.
CLEVELAND-MARSHALL LAW SCHOOL was a private evening law school in downtown Cleveland. The result of a merger between the John Marshall and Cleveland Law Schools, C-M was the predecessor of CLEVELAND STATE UNIV.'s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law,
The CLEVELAND-NEW YORK DRIVE by ALEXANDER WINTON and Wm. A. Hatcher in 1897 was the first reliability run in the history of the American automobile industry. Winton made 2 important drives from Cleveland to New York: the historic 1897 drive and a more widely publicized drive in 1899.
CLEVELAND-RUSSIAN RELATIONS. Political, cultural, commercial, and personal relations between Cleveland and Russia (as the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the contemporary Russian Federation) commenced in the early 20th century.
The CLEVELAND-SANDUSKY BREWING CORP., known for many years as the Cleveland & Sandusky Brewing Co., was formed in 1897 through a merger of 11 northern Ohio breweries. These included the Cleveland firms of Baehr, Barrett, Bohemian, Cleveland, Columbia, Gehring, Phoenix (later Baehr-Phoenix), Star, and Union breweries; and the recently consolidated Kuebeler-Stang breweries of Sandusky.
CLEVELAND: NOW! was a joint public and private funding program for the revitalization of Cleveland which was announced by Mayor Carl B. Stokes 1 May 1968. Local businessmen, shocked by the April assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., agreed to cooperate with the city in a fundraising program to combat the ills of Cleveland's inner city in order to preserve racial peace.
The CLEVELANDER has survived 3 major format changes as the organ of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and its successor, the GREATER CLEVELAND GROWTH ASSN. Premiering as a monthly publication in May 1926, it contained 36 pages edited by Munson Havens and Lawrence L. Jewell.
The CLEVITE CORP. was founded in 1919 as Cleveland Graphite Bronze to make bearings and bushings for the automotive industry. Under a name derived from the graphite baked into the interior of the self-lubricating bearings used to support engine crankshafts and piston rods, Ben Hopkins began CGB operations at 2906 Chester with 20 employees.
CLIFFORD, CARRIE WILLIAMS, (Sept. 1862- 10 Nov. 1934) was a noted orator, poet, suffragist, and an activist for women and AFRICAN AMERICANS.
CLIFFORD, LOUIS L. (24 June 1906-25 May 1968), city editor of the CLEVELAND PRESS during the post-World War II hegemony, was born in Wabash, Indiana, moved to Cleveland, and graduated from CATHEDRAL LATIN HIGH SCHOOL in 1924.
CLIFFORD, WILLIAM H. (8 Apr. 1862-10 Jan. 1929), a black Republican politician, as an Ohio legislator played an important role electing MARCUS A. HANNA to the U.S. Senate, casting the deciding vote in Hanna's favor in Jan. 1898. A native Clevelander, Clifford worked 7 years for the Woodruff Palace Car Co. before embarking in public service and politics.
The CLIFTON CLUB, 17884 Lake Rd., LAKEWOOD, a private social and recreational club, was originally organized by and for residents of suburban CLIFTON PARK who desired a clubhouse for their gatherings along the lakefront. Incorporating on 28 May 1902, they leased (and purchased, in 1916) property from the Clifton Park Land & Improvement Co.
CLIFTON PARK, a residential neighborhood in LAKEWOOD, is located on the high eastern bluffs at the mouth of the Rocky River. The name dates from 1866, when a group of Cleveland businessmen—among them Elias Sims, Daniel P. Rhodes, Ezra Nicholson, and JOSIAH BARBER—formed the Clifton Park Assn. to promote the area as a summer resort.
CLINGMAN, ANDREW R. (1844-14 May 1864), a soldier depicted by LEVI T. SCOFIELD in the infantry sculpture group The Color Guard on the SOLDIERS & SAILORS MONUMENT, enlisted in Co. E, 103d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, on 8 Aug. 1862 in Cleveland.
CLOWSER, JACK (8 March 1901-19 March 1983) specialized in the coverage of track and intercollegiate football during his journalism career on the 2 Cleveland afternoon dailies. His family brought him from his native Barnet, England, to Philadelphia in 1910 and then to ROCKY RIVER, where in 1920 he was a member of Rocky River High School's first graduating class.
The CLUB ALMA YAUCANA was founded in June of 1961 is considered the first and oldest Puerto Rican social club in the city.
CLUB AZTECA plays a pivotal role in the life of the Mexican-American community in Greater Cleveland. The first substantial group of Mexicans (see HISPANICS) to migrate to Cleveland arrived shortly after the end of World War I.
The CLYTEAN CLUB is a women’s book club that has met continuously since its founding in Cleveland in 1897. Its original name, The Twelve, reflected a membership cap of twelve people, while the name "Clytean” pays homage to the Greek myth of the nymph Clytie, who according to myth was transformed into a flower to always face the sun, which the club interpreted as an ongoing quest for knowledge.
CMHA. See CUYAHOGA METROPOLITAN HOUSING AUTHORITY.
COACH, RICHARD J. (22 July 1866-4 July 1922) founded the R.J. Coach Detective Service Co., which was based in Cleveland for 23 years and had offices in 15 major cities in the U.S. Richard was born in Galveston, Texas, the son of Jacob and Charlotte Pole Coach both of whom had come to this country from Austria.
COAKLEY, JOHN ALOYSIUS (22 Sept. 1881-18 May 1950), manufacturer, was both an authority on industrial transportation and a philanthropist. For his contributions as a Catholic layperson, he was made Master Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Coakley was born in Pittsburgh to Thomas F. and Agnes (Quinn) Coakley (originally from Vermont).
The COALITION OF BLACK TRADE UNIONISTS (CBTU) was founded in 1973 by AFRICAN AMERICAN union workers displeased with the policies and practices of the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), the nation's la
COATES, WILLIAM R. (14 Nov. 1851-20 Feb. 1935), teacher and author, was a leader in the local Republican party (see CUYAHOGA COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY).
COBB, ANDREWS & CO. was Cleveland's leading bookstore from the 1860s to the 1880s. It began as J. B. Cobb & Co. in 1852 when Junius Brutus Cobb and two of his brothers, Brutus Junius and Caius Cassius, bought the controlling interest in their half-brother, Moses Younglove's, bookstore.
COBB, WILLIAM MONTAGUE (12 October 1904-20 November 1990) was an AFRICAN AMERICAN activist-scholar who protested scientific racism, promoted African American healthcare, and tried to develop Black research; in 1932, he was the first Black-
COBBLEDICK, GORDON (31 Dec. 1898-2 Oct. 1969), sports writer for the PLAIN DEALER, was born in Cleveland and studied mining engineering at Case School of Applied Science before joining the Plain Dealer in 1923, covering the police beat and city hall.
COBURN & BARNUM was an architectural firm active in Cleveland from 1878-97. Forrest A. Coburn (1848-l Dec. 1897) and FRANK SEYMOUR BARNUM formed a partnership in 1878. The Furniture Block and the Blackstone Bldg. were 2 of their most important commercial buildings, built in 1881-82.
CODRINGTON CHARITABLE FOUNDATION. See GEORGE W. CODRINGTON CHARITABLE FOUNDATION.
COE, LEON MELVILLE (5 Nov. 1845 - 31 Jan. 1931), also known as L. M.
COFALL, STANLEY B. (5 May 1894-21 Sept. 1961) outstanding football player and manager, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Fred and Ida Bingham Cofall. He played football at East Technical High School in 1910, then moved to East High School where he became all-scholastic in football and hockey. Cofall attended Notre Dame where he played halfback and was named to several All-America teams in 1916.
COHEN, GUSTAVE M. (26 Mar. 1820-13 Dec. 1902), leader at ANSHE CHESED CONGREGATION from 1861-73, was probably the first musically trained cantor in America. Born in Walsdorf, Meinengen, Germany, Cohen was educated in music, pedagogy, Hebrew, and German at Heidelberghausen in Meinengen.
COLE NATIONAL CORP., founded by Joseph Cole in 1944, has grown into a massive specialty retailer with its leading interests in retail optical and personalized gift chains. Currently located in Twinsburg, Cole Natl moved in 1977 from its headquarters on Grant Ave.
COLE, ALLEN E. (1 Sept. 1883-6 Feb. 1970), a professional photographer in Cleveland's black community, generated over 27,000 negatives during his life, a collection acquired by the WESTERN RESERVE HISTORICAL SOCIETY and selectively published in a book entitled Somebody, Somewhere, Wants Your Photograph (1980), which was Cole's business motto.
COLE, JOANNA (11 August 1944 – 12 July 2020) was a popular children’s book author, most known for her influential The Magic School Bus series. A recipient of a vast number of children’s literature awards, Cole’s works continue to inspire and educate children in the realm of science.
COLKET, MEREDITH BRIGHT JR. (18 Aug. 1912-19 May 1985), archivist and genealogist, was born in Strafford, Chester County, Pa., son of Meredith Bright and Alberta (Kelsey) Colket. He earned his B.A. (1935) and M.A. (1940) in history at Haverford College, and received an honorary Litt.D. from BALDWIN-WALLACE COLLEGE in 1974. Colket joined the Natl.
COLLAMER was the section of the present city of E. CLEVELAND that stretched from Lakeview on the west and Ivanhoe on the east. Bisected by Euclid Ave., Collamer was intersected by such roads as Noble, Taylor, and Lee to the south, and Doan, Shaw, and Collamer to the north.
The COLLEGE CLUB OF CLEVELAND, located at 2348 Overlook Road in CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, was founded in 1898 as a social, civic, educational, and philanthropic organization of and for women who had graduated from accredited colleges.
COLLINS, JAMES WALTER (16 Sept. 1889-16 Aug. 1971) filled what he regarded as the most important job in metropolitan journalism for 33 years as city editor for the Cleveland PLAIN DEALER. Born in Portland, Me., he was the son of James and Olive Fogelin Collins. While still in high school, he began writing for the Brockton (Mass.) Times.
The COLLINWOOD neighborhood of Cleveland is located about 7 miles northeast of PUBLIC SQUARE. For statistical planning purposes, Collinwood is often subdivided into North Collinwood and South Collinwood, the dividing line being the rail yards.